kern_thread.c

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/*-
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2001 Julian Elischer <julian@freebsd.org>.
 *  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice(s), this list of conditions and the following disclaimer as
 *    the first lines of this file unmodified other than the possible
 *    addition of one or more copyright notices.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice(s), this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
 * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
 * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
 * DAMAGE.
 */
 
#include "opt_witness.h"
#include "opt_hwpmc_hooks.h"
 
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
 
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/msan.h>
#include <sys/mutex.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/bitstring.h>
#include <sys/epoch.h>
#include <sys/rangelock.h>
#include <sys/resourcevar.h>
#include <sys/sdt.h>
#include <sys/smp.h>
#include <sys/sched.h>
#include <sys/sleepqueue.h>
#include <sys/selinfo.h>
#include <sys/syscallsubr.h>
#include <sys/dtrace_bsd.h>
#include <sys/sysent.h>
#include <sys/turnstile.h>
#include <sys/taskqueue.h>
#include <sys/ktr.h>
#include <sys/rwlock.h>
#include <sys/umtxvar.h>
#include <sys/vmmeter.h>
#include <sys/cpuset.h>
#ifdef  HWPMC_HOOKS
#include <sys/pmckern.h>
#endif
#include <sys/priv.h>
 
#include <security/audit/audit.h>
 
#include <vm/pmap.h>
#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/vm_extern.h>
#include <vm/uma.h>
#include <vm/vm_phys.h>
#include <sys/eventhandler.h>
 
/*
 * Asserts below verify the stability of struct thread and struct proc
 * layout, as exposed by KBI to modules.  On head, the KBI is allowed
 * to drift, change to the structures must be accompanied by the
 * assert update.
 *
 * On the stable branches after KBI freeze, conditions must not be
 * violated.  Typically new fields are moved to the end of the
 * structures.
 */
#ifdef __amd64__
_Static_assert(offsetof(struct thread, td_flags) == 0x108,
    "struct thread KBI td_flags");
_Static_assert(offsetof(struct thread, td_pflags) == 0x110,
    "struct thread KBI td_pflags");
_Static_assert(offsetof(struct thread, td_frame) == 0x4a8,
    "struct thread KBI td_frame");
_Static_assert(offsetof(struct thread, td_emuldata) == 0x6b0,
    "struct thread KBI td_emuldata");
_Static_assert(offsetof(struct proc, p_flag) == 0xb8,
    "struct proc KBI p_flag");
_Static_assert(offsetof(struct proc, p_pid) == 0xc4,
    "struct proc KBI p_pid");
_Static_assert(offsetof(struct proc, p_filemon) == 0x3c8,
    "struct proc KBI p_filemon");
_Static_assert(offsetof(struct proc, p_comm) == 0x3e0,
    "struct proc KBI p_comm");
_Static_assert(offsetof(struct proc, p_emuldata) == 0x4c8,
    "struct proc KBI p_emuldata");
#endif
#ifdef __i386__
_Static_assert(offsetof(struct thread, td_flags) == 0x9c,
    "struct thread KBI td_flags");
_Static_assert(offsetof(struct thread, td_pflags) == 0xa4,
    "struct thread KBI td_pflags");
_Static_assert(offsetof(struct thread, td_frame) == 0x308,
    "struct thread KBI td_frame");
_Static_assert(offsetof(struct thread, td_emuldata) == 0x34c,
    "struct thread KBI td_emuldata");
_Static_assert(offsetof(struct proc, p_flag) == 0x6c,
    "struct proc KBI p_flag");
_Static_assert(offsetof(struct proc, p_pid) == 0x78,
    "struct proc KBI p_pid");
_Static_assert(offsetof(struct proc, p_filemon) == 0x270,
    "struct proc KBI p_filemon");
_Static_assert(offsetof(struct proc, p_comm) == 0x284,
    "struct proc KBI p_comm");
_Static_assert(offsetof(struct proc, p_emuldata) == 0x310,
    "struct proc KBI p_emuldata");
#endif
 
SDT_PROVIDER_DECLARE(proc);
SDT_PROBE_DEFINE(proc, , , lwp__exit);
 
/*
 * thread related storage.
 */
static uma_zone_t thread_zone;
 
struct thread_domain_data {
        struct thread   *tdd_zombies;
        int             tdd_reapticks;
} __aligned(CACHE_LINE_SIZE);
 
static struct thread_domain_data thread_domain_data[MAXMEMDOM];
 
static struct task      thread_reap_task;
static struct callout   thread_reap_callout;
 
static void thread_zombie(struct thread *);
static void thread_reap(void);
static void thread_reap_all(void);
static void thread_reap_task_cb(void *, int);
static void thread_reap_callout_cb(void *);
static int thread_unsuspend_one(struct thread *td, struct proc *p,
    bool boundary);
static void thread_free_batched(struct thread *td);
 
static __exclusive_cache_line struct mtx tid_lock;
static bitstr_t *tid_bitmap;
 
static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_TIDHASH, "tidhash", "thread hash");
 
static int maxthread;
SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, maxthread, CTLFLAG_RDTUN,
    &maxthread, 0, "Maximum number of threads");
 
static __exclusive_cache_line int nthreads;
 
static LIST_HEAD(tidhashhead, thread) *tidhashtbl;
static u_long   tidhash;
static u_long   tidhashlock;
static struct   rwlock *tidhashtbl_lock;
#define TIDHASH(tid)            (&tidhashtbl[(tid) & tidhash])
#define TIDHASHLOCK(tid)        (&tidhashtbl_lock[(tid) & tidhashlock])
 
EVENTHANDLER_LIST_DEFINE(thread_ctor);
EVENTHANDLER_LIST_DEFINE(thread_dtor);
EVENTHANDLER_LIST_DEFINE(thread_init);
EVENTHANDLER_LIST_DEFINE(thread_fini);
 
static bool
thread_count_inc_try(void)
{
        int nthreads_new;
 
        nthreads_new = atomic_fetchadd_int(&nthreads, 1) + 1;
        if (nthreads_new >= maxthread - 100) {
                if (priv_check_cred(curthread->td_ucred, PRIV_MAXPROC) != 0 ||
                    nthreads_new >= maxthread) {
                        atomic_subtract_int(&nthreads, 1);
                        return (false);
                }
        }
        return (true);
}
 
static bool
thread_count_inc(void)
{
        static struct timeval lastfail;
        static int curfail;
 
        thread_reap();
        if (thread_count_inc_try()) {
                return (true);
        }
 
        thread_reap_all();
        if (thread_count_inc_try()) {
                return (true);
        }
 
        if (ppsratecheck(&lastfail, &curfail, 1)) {
                printf("maxthread limit exceeded by uid %u "
                    "(pid %d); consider increasing kern.maxthread\n",
                    curthread->td_ucred->cr_ruid, curproc->p_pid);
        }
        return (false);
}
 
static void
thread_count_sub(int n)
{
 
        atomic_subtract_int(&nthreads, n);
}
 
static void
thread_count_dec(void)
{
 
        thread_count_sub(1);
}
 
static lwpid_t
tid_alloc(void)
{
        static lwpid_t trytid;
        lwpid_t tid;
 
        mtx_lock(&tid_lock);
        /*
         * It is an invariant that the bitmap is big enough to hold maxthread
         * IDs. If we got to this point there has to be at least one free.
         */
        if (trytid >= maxthread)
                trytid = 0;
        bit_ffc_at(tid_bitmap, trytid, maxthread, &tid);
        if (tid == -1) {
                KASSERT(trytid != 0, ("unexpectedly ran out of IDs"));
                trytid = 0;
                bit_ffc_at(tid_bitmap, trytid, maxthread, &tid);
                KASSERT(tid != -1, ("unexpectedly ran out of IDs"));
        }
        bit_set(tid_bitmap, tid);
        trytid = tid + 1;
        mtx_unlock(&tid_lock);
        return (tid + NO_PID);
}
 
static void
tid_free_locked(lwpid_t rtid)
{
        lwpid_t tid;
 
        mtx_assert(&tid_lock, MA_OWNED);
        KASSERT(rtid >= NO_PID,
            ("%s: invalid tid %d\n", __func__, rtid));
        tid = rtid - NO_PID;
        KASSERT(bit_test(tid_bitmap, tid) != 0,
            ("thread ID %d not allocated\n", rtid));
        bit_clear(tid_bitmap, tid);
}
 
static void
tid_free(lwpid_t rtid)
{
 
        mtx_lock(&tid_lock);
        tid_free_locked(rtid);
        mtx_unlock(&tid_lock);
}
 
static void
tid_free_batch(lwpid_t *batch, int n)
{
        int i;
 
        mtx_lock(&tid_lock);
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                tid_free_locked(batch[i]);
        }
        mtx_unlock(&tid_lock);
}
 
/*
 * Batching for thread reapping.
 */
struct tidbatch {
        lwpid_t tab[16];
        int n;
};
 
static void
tidbatch_prep(struct tidbatch *tb)
{
 
        tb->n = 0;
}
 
static void
tidbatch_add(struct tidbatch *tb, struct thread *td)
{
 
        KASSERT(tb->n < nitems(tb->tab),
            ("%s: count too high %d", __func__, tb->n));
        tb->tab[tb->n] = td->td_tid;
        tb->n++;
}
 
static void
tidbatch_process(struct tidbatch *tb)
{
 
        KASSERT(tb->n <= nitems(tb->tab),
            ("%s: count too high %d", __func__, tb->n));
        if (tb->n == nitems(tb->tab)) {
                tid_free_batch(tb->tab, tb->n);
                tb->n = 0;
        }
}
 
static void
tidbatch_final(struct tidbatch *tb)
{
 
        KASSERT(tb->n <= nitems(tb->tab),
            ("%s: count too high %d", __func__, tb->n));
        if (tb->n != 0) {
                tid_free_batch(tb->tab, tb->n);
        }
}
 
/*
 * Prepare a thread for use.
 */
static int
thread_ctor(void *mem, int size, void *arg, int flags)
{
        struct thread   *td;
 
        td = (struct thread *)mem;
        TD_SET_STATE(td, TDS_INACTIVE);
        td->td_lastcpu = td->td_oncpu = NOCPU;
 
        /*
         * Note that td_critnest begins life as 1 because the thread is not
         * running and is thereby implicitly waiting to be on the receiving
         * end of a context switch.
         */
        td->td_critnest = 1;
        td->td_lend_user_pri = PRI_MAX;
#ifdef AUDIT
        audit_thread_alloc(td);
#endif
#ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
        kdtrace_thread_ctor(td);
#endif
        umtx_thread_alloc(td);
        MPASS(td->td_sel == NULL);
        return (0);
}
 
/*
 * Reclaim a thread after use.
 */
static void
thread_dtor(void *mem, int size, void *arg)
{
        struct thread *td;
 
        td = (struct thread *)mem;
 
#ifdef INVARIANTS
        /* Verify that this thread is in a safe state to free. */
        switch (TD_GET_STATE(td)) {
        case TDS_INHIBITED:
        case TDS_RUNNING:
        case TDS_CAN_RUN:
        case TDS_RUNQ:
                /*
                 * We must never unlink a thread that is in one of
                 * these states, because it is currently active.
                 */
                panic("bad state for thread unlinking");
                /* NOTREACHED */
        case TDS_INACTIVE:
                break;
        default:
                panic("bad thread state");
                /* NOTREACHED */
        }
#endif
#ifdef AUDIT
        audit_thread_free(td);
#endif
#ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
        kdtrace_thread_dtor(td);
#endif
        /* Free all OSD associated to this thread. */
        osd_thread_exit(td);
        td_softdep_cleanup(td);
        MPASS(td->td_su == NULL);
        seltdfini(td);
}
 
/*
 * Initialize type-stable parts of a thread (when newly created).
 */
static int
thread_init(void *mem, int size, int flags)
{
        struct thread *td;
 
        td = (struct thread *)mem;
 
        td->td_allocdomain = vm_phys_domain(vtophys(td));
        td->td_sleepqueue = sleepq_alloc();
        td->td_turnstile = turnstile_alloc();
        td->td_rlqe = NULL;
        EVENTHANDLER_DIRECT_INVOKE(thread_init, td);
        umtx_thread_init(td);
        td->td_kstack = 0;
        td->td_sel = NULL;
        return (0);
}
 
/*
 * Tear down type-stable parts of a thread (just before being discarded).
 */
static void
thread_fini(void *mem, int size)
{
        struct thread *td;
 
        td = (struct thread *)mem;
        EVENTHANDLER_DIRECT_INVOKE(thread_fini, td);
        rlqentry_free(td->td_rlqe);
        turnstile_free(td->td_turnstile);
        sleepq_free(td->td_sleepqueue);
        umtx_thread_fini(td);
        MPASS(td->td_sel == NULL);
}
 
/*
 * For a newly created process,
 * link up all the structures and its initial threads etc.
 * called from:
 * {arch}/{arch}/machdep.c   {arch}_init(), init386() etc.
 * proc_dtor() (should go away)
 * proc_init()
 */
void
proc_linkup0(struct proc *p, struct thread *td)
{
        TAILQ_INIT(&p->p_threads);           /* all threads in proc */
        proc_linkup(p, td);
}
 
void
proc_linkup(struct proc *p, struct thread *td)
{
 
        sigqueue_init(&p->p_sigqueue, p);
        p->p_ksi = ksiginfo_alloc(1);
        if (p->p_ksi != NULL) {
                /* XXX p_ksi may be null if ksiginfo zone is not ready */
                p->p_ksi->ksi_flags = KSI_EXT | KSI_INS;
        }
        LIST_INIT(&p->p_mqnotifier);
        p->p_numthreads = 0;
        thread_link(td, p);
}
 
extern int max_threads_per_proc;
 
/*
 * Initialize global thread allocation resources.
 */
void
threadinit(void)
{
        u_long i;
        lwpid_t tid0;
        uint32_t flags;
 
        /*
         * Place an upper limit on threads which can be allocated.
         *
         * Note that other factors may make the de facto limit much lower.
         *
         * Platform limits are somewhat arbitrary but deemed "more than good
         * enough" for the foreseable future.
         */
        if (maxthread == 0) {
#ifdef _LP64
                maxthread = MIN(maxproc * max_threads_per_proc, 1000000);
#else
                maxthread = MIN(maxproc * max_threads_per_proc, 100000);
#endif
        }
 
        mtx_init(&tid_lock, "TID lock", NULL, MTX_DEF);
        tid_bitmap = bit_alloc(maxthread, M_TIDHASH, M_WAITOK);
        /*
         * Handle thread0.
         */
        thread_count_inc();
        tid0 = tid_alloc();
        if (tid0 != THREAD0_TID)
                panic("tid0 %d != %d\n", tid0, THREAD0_TID);
 
        flags = UMA_ZONE_NOFREE;
#ifdef __aarch64__
        /*
         * Force thread structures to be allocated from the direct map.
         * Otherwise, superpage promotions and demotions may temporarily
         * invalidate thread structure mappings.  For most dynamically allocated
         * structures this is not a problem, but translation faults cannot be
         * handled without accessing curthread.
         */
        flags |= UMA_ZONE_CONTIG;
#endif
        thread_zone = uma_zcreate("THREAD", sched_sizeof_thread(),
            thread_ctor, thread_dtor, thread_init, thread_fini,
            32 - 1, flags);
        tidhashtbl = hashinit(maxproc / 2, M_TIDHASH, &tidhash);
        tidhashlock = (tidhash + 1) / 64;
        if (tidhashlock > 0)
                tidhashlock--;
        tidhashtbl_lock = malloc(sizeof(*tidhashtbl_lock) * (tidhashlock + 1),
            M_TIDHASH, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
        for (i = 0; i < tidhashlock + 1; i++)
                rw_init(&tidhashtbl_lock[i], "tidhash");
 
        TASK_INIT(&thread_reap_task, 0, thread_reap_task_cb, NULL);
        callout_init(&thread_reap_callout, 1);
        callout_reset(&thread_reap_callout, 5 * hz,
            thread_reap_callout_cb, NULL);
}
 
/*
 * Place an unused thread on the zombie list.
 */
void
thread_zombie(struct thread *td)
{
        struct thread_domain_data *tdd;
        struct thread *ztd;
 
        tdd = &thread_domain_data[td->td_allocdomain];
        ztd = atomic_load_ptr(&tdd->tdd_zombies);
        for (;;) {
                td->td_zombie = ztd;
                if (atomic_fcmpset_rel_ptr((uintptr_t *)&tdd->tdd_zombies,
                    (uintptr_t *)&ztd, (uintptr_t)td))
                        break;
                continue;
        }
}
 
/*
 * Release a thread that has exited after cpu_throw().
 */
void
thread_stash(struct thread *td)
{
        atomic_subtract_rel_int(&td->td_proc->p_exitthreads, 1);
        thread_zombie(td);
}
 
/*
 * Reap zombies from passed domain.
 */
static void
thread_reap_domain(struct thread_domain_data *tdd)
{
        struct thread *itd, *ntd;
        struct tidbatch tidbatch;
        struct credbatch credbatch;
        int tdcount;
        struct plimit *lim;
        int limcount;
 
        /*
         * Reading upfront is pessimal if followed by concurrent atomic_swap,
         * but most of the time the list is empty.
         */
        if (tdd->tdd_zombies == NULL)
                return;
 
        itd = (struct thread *)atomic_swap_ptr((uintptr_t *)&tdd->tdd_zombies,
            (uintptr_t)NULL);
        if (itd == NULL)
                return;
 
        /*
         * Multiple CPUs can get here, the race is fine as ticks is only
         * advisory.
         */
        tdd->tdd_reapticks = ticks;
 
        tidbatch_prep(&tidbatch);
        credbatch_prep(&credbatch);
        tdcount = 0;
        lim = NULL;
        limcount = 0;
 
        while (itd != NULL) {
                ntd = itd->td_zombie;
                EVENTHANDLER_DIRECT_INVOKE(thread_dtor, itd);
                tidbatch_add(&tidbatch, itd);
                credbatch_add(&credbatch, itd);
                MPASS(itd->td_limit != NULL);
                if (lim != itd->td_limit) {
                        if (limcount != 0) {
                                lim_freen(lim, limcount);
                                limcount = 0;
                        }
                }
                lim = itd->td_limit;
                limcount++;
                thread_free_batched(itd);
                tidbatch_process(&tidbatch);
                credbatch_process(&credbatch);
                tdcount++;
                if (tdcount == 32) {
                        thread_count_sub(tdcount);
                        tdcount = 0;
                }
                itd = ntd;
        }
 
        tidbatch_final(&tidbatch);
        credbatch_final(&credbatch);
        if (tdcount != 0) {
                thread_count_sub(tdcount);
        }
        MPASS(limcount != 0);
        lim_freen(lim, limcount);
}
 
/*
 * Reap zombies from all domains.
 */
static void
thread_reap_all(void)
{
        struct thread_domain_data *tdd;
        int i, domain;
 
        domain = PCPU_GET(domain);
        for (i = 0; i < vm_ndomains; i++) {
                tdd = &thread_domain_data[(i + domain) % vm_ndomains];
                thread_reap_domain(tdd);
        }
}
 
/*
 * Reap zombies from local domain.
 */
static void
thread_reap(void)
{
        struct thread_domain_data *tdd;
        int domain;
 
        domain = PCPU_GET(domain);
        tdd = &thread_domain_data[domain];
 
        thread_reap_domain(tdd);
}
 
static void
thread_reap_task_cb(void *arg __unused, int pending __unused)
{
 
        thread_reap_all();
}
 
static void
thread_reap_callout_cb(void *arg __unused)
{
        struct thread_domain_data *tdd;
        int i, cticks, lticks;
        bool wantreap;
 
        wantreap = false;
        cticks = atomic_load_int(&ticks);
        for (i = 0; i < vm_ndomains; i++) {
                tdd = &thread_domain_data[i];
                lticks = tdd->tdd_reapticks;
                if (tdd->tdd_zombies != NULL &&
                    (u_int)(cticks - lticks) > 5 * hz) {
                        wantreap = true;
                        break;
                }
        }
 
        if (wantreap)
                taskqueue_enqueue(taskqueue_thread, &thread_reap_task);
        callout_reset(&thread_reap_callout, 5 * hz,
            thread_reap_callout_cb, NULL);
}
 
/*
 * Calling this function guarantees that any thread that exited before
 * the call is reaped when the function returns.  By 'exited' we mean
 * a thread removed from the process linkage with thread_unlink().
 * Practically this means that caller must lock/unlock corresponding
 * process lock before the call, to synchronize with thread_exit().
 */
void
thread_reap_barrier(void)
{
        struct task *t;
 
        /*
         * First do context switches to each CPU to ensure that all
         * PCPU pc_deadthreads are moved to zombie list.
         */
        quiesce_all_cpus("", PDROP);
 
        /*
         * Second, fire the task in the same thread as normal
         * thread_reap() is done, to serialize reaping.
         */
        t = malloc(sizeof(*t), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        TASK_INIT(t, 0, thread_reap_task_cb, t);
        taskqueue_enqueue(taskqueue_thread, t);
        taskqueue_drain(taskqueue_thread, t);
        free(t, M_TEMP);
}
 
/*
 * Allocate a thread.
 */
struct thread *
thread_alloc(int pages)
{
        struct thread *td;
        lwpid_t tid;
 
        if (!thread_count_inc()) {
                return (NULL);
        }
 
        tid = tid_alloc();
        td = uma_zalloc(thread_zone, M_WAITOK);
        KASSERT(td->td_kstack == 0, ("thread_alloc got thread with kstack"));
        if (!vm_thread_new(td, pages)) {
                uma_zfree(thread_zone, td);
                tid_free(tid);
                thread_count_dec();
                return (NULL);
        }
        td->td_tid = tid;
        bzero(&td->td_sa.args, sizeof(td->td_sa.args));
        kmsan_thread_alloc(td);
        cpu_thread_alloc(td);
        EVENTHANDLER_DIRECT_INVOKE(thread_ctor, td);
        return (td);
}
 
int
thread_alloc_stack(struct thread *td, int pages)
{
 
        KASSERT(td->td_kstack == 0,
            ("thread_alloc_stack called on a thread with kstack"));
        if (!vm_thread_new(td, pages))
                return (0);
        cpu_thread_alloc(td);
        return (1);
}
 
/*
 * Deallocate a thread.
 */
static void
thread_free_batched(struct thread *td)
{
 
        lock_profile_thread_exit(td);
        if (td->td_cpuset)
                cpuset_rel(td->td_cpuset);
        td->td_cpuset = NULL;
        cpu_thread_free(td);
        if (td->td_kstack != 0)
                vm_thread_dispose(td);
        callout_drain(&td->td_slpcallout);
        /*
         * Freeing handled by the caller.
         */
        td->td_tid = -1;
        kmsan_thread_free(td);
        uma_zfree(thread_zone, td);
}
 
void
thread_free(struct thread *td)
{
        lwpid_t tid;
 
        EVENTHANDLER_DIRECT_INVOKE(thread_dtor, td);
        tid = td->td_tid;
        thread_free_batched(td);
        tid_free(tid);
        thread_count_dec();
}
 
void
thread_cow_get_proc(struct thread *newtd, struct proc *p)
{
 
        PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
        newtd->td_realucred = crcowget(p->p_ucred);
        newtd->td_ucred = newtd->td_realucred;
        newtd->td_limit = lim_hold(p->p_limit);
        newtd->td_cowgen = p->p_cowgen;
}
 
void
thread_cow_get(struct thread *newtd, struct thread *td)
{
 
        MPASS(td->td_realucred == td->td_ucred);
        newtd->td_realucred = crcowget(td->td_realucred);
        newtd->td_ucred = newtd->td_realucred;
        newtd->td_limit = lim_hold(td->td_limit);
        newtd->td_cowgen = td->td_cowgen;
}
 
void
thread_cow_free(struct thread *td)
{
 
        if (td->td_realucred != NULL)
                crcowfree(td);
        if (td->td_limit != NULL)
                lim_free(td->td_limit);
}
 
void
thread_cow_update(struct thread *td)
{
        struct proc *p;
        struct ucred *oldcred;
        struct plimit *oldlimit;
 
        p = td->td_proc;
        PROC_LOCK(p);
        oldcred = crcowsync();
        oldlimit = lim_cowsync();
        td->td_cowgen = p->p_cowgen;
        PROC_UNLOCK(p);
        if (oldcred != NULL)
                crfree(oldcred);
        if (oldlimit != NULL)
                lim_free(oldlimit);
}
 
void
thread_cow_synced(struct thread *td)
{
        struct proc *p;
 
        p = td->td_proc;
        PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
        MPASS(td->td_cowgen != p->p_cowgen);
        MPASS(td->td_ucred == p->p_ucred);
        MPASS(td->td_limit == p->p_limit);
        td->td_cowgen = p->p_cowgen;
}
 
/*
 * Discard the current thread and exit from its context.
 * Always called with scheduler locked.
 *
 * Because we can't free a thread while we're operating under its context,
 * push the current thread into our CPU's deadthread holder. This means
 * we needn't worry about someone else grabbing our context before we
 * do a cpu_throw().
 */
void
thread_exit(void)
{
        uint64_t runtime, new_switchtime;
        struct thread *td;
        struct thread *td2;
        struct proc *p;
        int wakeup_swapper;
 
        td = curthread;
        p = td->td_proc;
 
        PROC_SLOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
        mtx_assert(&Giant, MA_NOTOWNED);
 
        PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
        KASSERT(p != NULL, ("thread exiting without a process"));
        CTR3(KTR_PROC, "thread_exit: thread %p (pid %ld, %s)", td,
            (long)p->p_pid, td->td_name);
        SDT_PROBE0(proc, , , lwp__exit);
        KASSERT(TAILQ_EMPTY(&td->td_sigqueue.sq_list), ("signal pending"));
        MPASS(td->td_realucred == td->td_ucred);
 
        /*
         * drop FPU & debug register state storage, or any other
         * architecture specific resources that
         * would not be on a new untouched process.
         */
        cpu_thread_exit(td);
 
        /*
         * The last thread is left attached to the process
         * So that the whole bundle gets recycled. Skip
         * all this stuff if we never had threads.
         * EXIT clears all sign of other threads when
         * it goes to single threading, so the last thread always
         * takes the short path.
         */
        if (p->p_flag & P_HADTHREADS) {
                if (p->p_numthreads > 1) {
                        atomic_add_int(&td->td_proc->p_exitthreads, 1);
                        thread_unlink(td);
                        td2 = FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(p);
                        sched_exit_thread(td2, td);
 
                        /*
                         * The test below is NOT true if we are the
                         * sole exiting thread. P_STOPPED_SINGLE is unset
                         * in exit1() after it is the only survivor.
                         */
                        if (P_SHOULDSTOP(p) == P_STOPPED_SINGLE) {
                                if (p->p_numthreads == p->p_suspcount) {
                                        thread_lock(p->p_singlethread);
                                        wakeup_swapper = thread_unsuspend_one(
                                                p->p_singlethread, p, false);
                                        if (wakeup_swapper)
                                                kick_proc0();
                                }
                        }
 
                        PCPU_SET(deadthread, td);
                } else {
                        /*
                         * The last thread is exiting.. but not through exit()
                         */
                        panic ("thread_exit: Last thread exiting on its own");
                }
        } 
#ifdef  HWPMC_HOOKS
        /*
         * If this thread is part of a process that is being tracked by hwpmc(4),
         * inform the module of the thread's impending exit.
         */
        if (PMC_PROC_IS_USING_PMCS(td->td_proc)) {
                PMC_SWITCH_CONTEXT(td, PMC_FN_CSW_OUT);
                PMC_CALL_HOOK_UNLOCKED(td, PMC_FN_THR_EXIT, NULL);
        } else if (PMC_SYSTEM_SAMPLING_ACTIVE())
                PMC_CALL_HOOK_UNLOCKED(td, PMC_FN_THR_EXIT_LOG, NULL);
#endif
        PROC_UNLOCK(p);
        PROC_STATLOCK(p);
        thread_lock(td);
        PROC_SUNLOCK(p);
 
        /* Do the same timestamp bookkeeping that mi_switch() would do. */
        new_switchtime = cpu_ticks();
        runtime = new_switchtime - PCPU_GET(switchtime);
        td->td_runtime += runtime;
        td->td_incruntime += runtime;
        PCPU_SET(switchtime, new_switchtime);
        PCPU_SET(switchticks, ticks);
        VM_CNT_INC(v_swtch);
 
        /* Save our resource usage in our process. */
        td->td_ru.ru_nvcsw++;
        ruxagg_locked(p, td);
        rucollect(&p->p_ru, &td->td_ru);
        PROC_STATUNLOCK(p);
 
        TD_SET_STATE(td, TDS_INACTIVE);
#ifdef WITNESS
        witness_thread_exit(td);
#endif
        CTR1(KTR_PROC, "thread_exit: cpu_throw() thread %p", td);
        sched_throw(td);
        panic("I'm a teapot!");
        /* NOTREACHED */
}
 
/*
 * Do any thread specific cleanups that may be needed in wait()
 * called with Giant, proc and schedlock not held.
 */
void
thread_wait(struct proc *p)
{
        struct thread *td;
 
        mtx_assert(&Giant, MA_NOTOWNED);
        KASSERT(p->p_numthreads == 1, ("multiple threads in thread_wait()"));
        KASSERT(p->p_exitthreads == 0, ("p_exitthreads leaking"));
        td = FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(p);
        /* Lock the last thread so we spin until it exits cpu_throw(). */
        thread_lock(td);
        thread_unlock(td);
        lock_profile_thread_exit(td);
        cpuset_rel(td->td_cpuset);
        td->td_cpuset = NULL;
        cpu_thread_clean(td);
        thread_cow_free(td);
        callout_drain(&td->td_slpcallout);
        thread_reap();  /* check for zombie threads etc. */
}
 
/*
 * Link a thread to a process.
 * set up anything that needs to be initialized for it to
 * be used by the process.
 */
void
thread_link(struct thread *td, struct proc *p)
{
 
        /*
         * XXX This can't be enabled because it's called for proc0 before
         * its lock has been created.
         * PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
         */
        TD_SET_STATE(td, TDS_INACTIVE);
        td->td_proc     = p;
        td->td_flags    = TDF_INMEM;
 
        LIST_INIT(&td->td_contested);
        LIST_INIT(&td->td_lprof[0]);
        LIST_INIT(&td->td_lprof[1]);
#ifdef EPOCH_TRACE
        SLIST_INIT(&td->td_epochs);
#endif
        sigqueue_init(&td->td_sigqueue, p);
        callout_init(&td->td_slpcallout, 1);
        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&p->p_threads, td, td_plist);
        p->p_numthreads++;
}
 
/*
 * Called from:
 *  thread_exit()
 */
void
thread_unlink(struct thread *td)
{
        struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
 
        PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
#ifdef EPOCH_TRACE
        MPASS(SLIST_EMPTY(&td->td_epochs));
#endif
 
        TAILQ_REMOVE(&p->p_threads, td, td_plist);
        p->p_numthreads--;
        /* could clear a few other things here */
        /* Must  NOT clear links to proc! */
}
 
static int
calc_remaining(struct proc *p, int mode)
{
        int remaining;
 
        PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
        PROC_SLOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
        if (mode == SINGLE_EXIT)
                remaining = p->p_numthreads;
        else if (mode == SINGLE_BOUNDARY)
                remaining = p->p_numthreads - p->p_boundary_count;
        else if (mode == SINGLE_NO_EXIT || mode == SINGLE_ALLPROC)
                remaining = p->p_numthreads - p->p_suspcount;
        else
                panic("calc_remaining: wrong mode %d", mode);
        return (remaining);
}
 
static int
remain_for_mode(int mode)
{
 
        return (mode == SINGLE_ALLPROC ? 0 : 1);
}
 
static int
weed_inhib(int mode, struct thread *td2, struct proc *p)
{
        int wakeup_swapper;
 
        PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
        PROC_SLOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
        THREAD_LOCK_ASSERT(td2, MA_OWNED);
 
        wakeup_swapper = 0;
 
        /*
         * Since the thread lock is dropped by the scheduler we have
         * to retry to check for races.
         */
restart:
        switch (mode) {
        case SINGLE_EXIT:
                if (TD_IS_SUSPENDED(td2)) {
                        wakeup_swapper |= thread_unsuspend_one(td2, p, true);
                        thread_lock(td2);
                        goto restart;
                }
                if (TD_CAN_ABORT(td2)) {
                        wakeup_swapper |= sleepq_abort(td2, EINTR);
                        return (wakeup_swapper);
                }
                break;
        case SINGLE_BOUNDARY:
        case SINGLE_NO_EXIT:
                if (TD_IS_SUSPENDED(td2) &&
                    (td2->td_flags & TDF_BOUNDARY) == 0) {
                        wakeup_swapper |= thread_unsuspend_one(td2, p, false);
                        thread_lock(td2);
                        goto restart;
                }
                if (TD_CAN_ABORT(td2)) {
                        wakeup_swapper |= sleepq_abort(td2, ERESTART);
                        return (wakeup_swapper);
                }
                break;
        case SINGLE_ALLPROC:
                /*
                 * ALLPROC suspend tries to avoid spurious EINTR for
                 * threads sleeping interruptable, by suspending the
                 * thread directly, similarly to sig_suspend_threads().
                 * Since such sleep is not performed at the user
                 * boundary, TDF_BOUNDARY flag is not set, and TDF_ALLPROCSUSP
                 * is used to avoid immediate un-suspend.
                 */
                if (TD_IS_SUSPENDED(td2) && (td2->td_flags & (TDF_BOUNDARY |
                    TDF_ALLPROCSUSP)) == 0) {
                        wakeup_swapper |= thread_unsuspend_one(td2, p, false);
                        thread_lock(td2);
                        goto restart;
                }
                if (TD_CAN_ABORT(td2)) {
                        if ((td2->td_flags & TDF_SBDRY) == 0) {
                                thread_suspend_one(td2);
                                td2->td_flags |= TDF_ALLPROCSUSP;
                        } else {
                                wakeup_swapper |= sleepq_abort(td2, ERESTART);
                                return (wakeup_swapper);
                        }
                }
                break;
        default:
                break;
        }
        thread_unlock(td2);
        return (wakeup_swapper);
}
 
/*
 * Enforce single-threading.
 *
 * Returns 1 if the caller must abort (another thread is waiting to
 * exit the process or similar). Process is locked!
 * Returns 0 when you are successfully the only thread running.
 * A process has successfully single threaded in the suspend mode when
 * There are no threads in user mode. Threads in the kernel must be
 * allowed to continue until they get to the user boundary. They may even
 * copy out their return values and data before suspending. They may however be
 * accelerated in reaching the user boundary as we will wake up
 * any sleeping threads that are interruptable. (PCATCH).
 */
int
thread_single(struct proc *p, int mode)
{
        struct thread *td;
        struct thread *td2;
        int remaining, wakeup_swapper;
 
        td = curthread;
        KASSERT(mode == SINGLE_EXIT || mode == SINGLE_BOUNDARY ||
            mode == SINGLE_ALLPROC || mode == SINGLE_NO_EXIT,
            ("invalid mode %d", mode));
        /*
         * If allowing non-ALLPROC singlethreading for non-curproc
         * callers, calc_remaining() and remain_for_mode() should be
         * adjusted to also account for td->td_proc != p.  For now
         * this is not implemented because it is not used.
         */
        KASSERT((mode == SINGLE_ALLPROC && td->td_proc != p) ||
            (mode != SINGLE_ALLPROC && td->td_proc == p),
            ("mode %d proc %p curproc %p", mode, p, td->td_proc));
        mtx_assert(&Giant, MA_NOTOWNED);
        PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
 
        if ((p->p_flag & P_HADTHREADS) == 0 && mode != SINGLE_ALLPROC)
                return (0);
 
        /* Is someone already single threading? */
        if (p->p_singlethread != NULL && p->p_singlethread != td)
                return (1);
 
        if (mode == SINGLE_EXIT) {
                p->p_flag |= P_SINGLE_EXIT;
                p->p_flag &= ~P_SINGLE_BOUNDARY;
        } else {
                p->p_flag &= ~P_SINGLE_EXIT;
                if (mode == SINGLE_BOUNDARY)
                        p->p_flag |= P_SINGLE_BOUNDARY;
                else
                        p->p_flag &= ~P_SINGLE_BOUNDARY;
        }
        if (mode == SINGLE_ALLPROC)
                p->p_flag |= P_TOTAL_STOP;
        p->p_flag |= P_STOPPED_SINGLE;
        PROC_SLOCK(p);
        p->p_singlethread = td;
        remaining = calc_remaining(p, mode);
        while (remaining != remain_for_mode(mode)) {
                if (P_SHOULDSTOP(p) != P_STOPPED_SINGLE)
                        goto stopme;
                wakeup_swapper = 0;
                FOREACH_THREAD_IN_PROC(p, td2) {
                        if (td2 == td)
                                continue;
                        thread_lock(td2);
                        td2->td_flags |= TDF_ASTPENDING | TDF_NEEDSUSPCHK;
                        if (TD_IS_INHIBITED(td2)) {
                                wakeup_swapper |= weed_inhib(mode, td2, p);
#ifdef SMP
                        } else if (TD_IS_RUNNING(td2) && td != td2) {
                                forward_signal(td2);
                                thread_unlock(td2);
#endif
                        } else
                                thread_unlock(td2);
                }
                if (wakeup_swapper)
                        kick_proc0();
                remaining = calc_remaining(p, mode);
 
                /*
                 * Maybe we suspended some threads.. was it enough?
                 */
                if (remaining == remain_for_mode(mode))
                        break;
 
stopme:
                /*
                 * Wake us up when everyone else has suspended.
                 * In the mean time we suspend as well.
                 */
                thread_suspend_switch(td, p);
                remaining = calc_remaining(p, mode);
        }
        if (mode == SINGLE_EXIT) {
                /*
                 * Convert the process to an unthreaded process.  The
                 * SINGLE_EXIT is called by exit1() or execve(), in
                 * both cases other threads must be retired.
                 */
                KASSERT(p->p_numthreads == 1, ("Unthreading with >1 threads"));
                p->p_singlethread = NULL;
                p->p_flag &= ~(P_STOPPED_SINGLE | P_SINGLE_EXIT | P_HADTHREADS);
 
                /*
                 * Wait for any remaining threads to exit cpu_throw().
                 */
                while (p->p_exitthreads != 0) {
                        PROC_SUNLOCK(p);
                        PROC_UNLOCK(p);
                        sched_relinquish(td);
                        PROC_LOCK(p);
                        PROC_SLOCK(p);
                }
        } else if (mode == SINGLE_BOUNDARY) {
                /*
                 * Wait until all suspended threads are removed from
                 * the processors.  The thread_suspend_check()
                 * increments p_boundary_count while it is still
                 * running, which makes it possible for the execve()
                 * to destroy vmspace while our other threads are
                 * still using the address space.
                 *
                 * We lock the thread, which is only allowed to
                 * succeed after context switch code finished using
                 * the address space.
                 */
                FOREACH_THREAD_IN_PROC(p, td2) {
                        if (td2 == td)
                                continue;
                        thread_lock(td2);
                        KASSERT((td2->td_flags & TDF_BOUNDARY) != 0,
                            ("td %p not on boundary", td2));
                        KASSERT(TD_IS_SUSPENDED(td2),
                            ("td %p is not suspended", td2));
                        thread_unlock(td2);
                }
        }
        PROC_SUNLOCK(p);
        return (0);
}
 
bool
thread_suspend_check_needed(void)
{
        struct proc *p;
        struct thread *td;
 
        td = curthread;
        p = td->td_proc;
        PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
        return (P_SHOULDSTOP(p) || ((p->p_flag & P_TRACED) != 0 &&
            (td->td_dbgflags & TDB_SUSPEND) != 0));
}
 
/*
 * Called in from locations that can safely check to see
 * whether we have to suspend or at least throttle for a
 * single-thread event (e.g. fork).
 *
 * Such locations include userret().
 * If the "return_instead" argument is non zero, the thread must be able to
 * accept 0 (caller may continue), or 1 (caller must abort) as a result.
 *
 * The 'return_instead' argument tells the function if it may do a
 * thread_exit() or suspend, or whether the caller must abort and back
 * out instead.
 *
 * If the thread that set the single_threading request has set the
 * P_SINGLE_EXIT bit in the process flags then this call will never return
 * if 'return_instead' is false, but will exit.
 *
 * P_SINGLE_EXIT | return_instead == 0| return_instead != 0
 *---------------+--------------------+---------------------
 *       0       | returns 0          |   returns 0 or 1
 *               | when ST ends       |   immediately
 *---------------+--------------------+---------------------
 *       1       | thread exits       |   returns 1
 *               |                    |  immediately
 * 0 = thread_exit() or suspension ok,
 * other = return error instead of stopping the thread.
 *
 * While a full suspension is under effect, even a single threading
 * thread would be suspended if it made this call (but it shouldn't).
 * This call should only be made from places where
 * thread_exit() would be safe as that may be the outcome unless
 * return_instead is set.
 */
int
thread_suspend_check(int return_instead)
{
        struct thread *td;
        struct proc *p;
        int wakeup_swapper;
 
        td = curthread;
        p = td->td_proc;
        mtx_assert(&Giant, MA_NOTOWNED);
        PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
        while (thread_suspend_check_needed()) {
                if (P_SHOULDSTOP(p) == P_STOPPED_SINGLE) {
                        KASSERT(p->p_singlethread != NULL,
                            ("singlethread not set"));
                        /*
                         * The only suspension in action is a
                         * single-threading. Single threader need not stop.
                         * It is safe to access p->p_singlethread unlocked
                         * because it can only be set to our address by us.
                         */
                        if (p->p_singlethread == td)
                                return (0);     /* Exempt from stopping. */
                }
                if ((p->p_flag & P_SINGLE_EXIT) && return_instead)
                        return (EINTR);
 
                /* Should we goto user boundary if we didn't come from there? */
                if (P_SHOULDSTOP(p) == P_STOPPED_SINGLE &&
                    (p->p_flag & P_SINGLE_BOUNDARY) && return_instead)
                        return (ERESTART);
 
                /*
                 * Ignore suspend requests if they are deferred.
                 */
                if ((td->td_flags & TDF_SBDRY) != 0) {
                        KASSERT(return_instead,
                            ("TDF_SBDRY set for unsafe thread_suspend_check"));
                        KASSERT((td->td_flags & (TDF_SEINTR | TDF_SERESTART)) !=
                            (TDF_SEINTR | TDF_SERESTART),
                            ("both TDF_SEINTR and TDF_SERESTART"));
                        return (TD_SBDRY_INTR(td) ? TD_SBDRY_ERRNO(td) : 0);
                }
 
                /*
                 * If the process is waiting for us to exit,
                 * this thread should just suicide.
                 * Assumes that P_SINGLE_EXIT implies P_STOPPED_SINGLE.
                 */
                if ((p->p_flag & P_SINGLE_EXIT) && (p->p_singlethread != td)) {
                        PROC_UNLOCK(p);
 
                        /*
                         * Allow Linux emulation layer to do some work
                         * before thread suicide.
                         */
                        if (__predict_false(p->p_sysent->sv_thread_detach != NULL))
                                (p->p_sysent->sv_thread_detach)(td);
                        umtx_thread_exit(td);
                        kern_thr_exit(td);
                        panic("stopped thread did not exit");
                }
 
                PROC_SLOCK(p);
                thread_stopped(p);
                if (P_SHOULDSTOP(p) == P_STOPPED_SINGLE) {
                        if (p->p_numthreads == p->p_suspcount + 1) {
                                thread_lock(p->p_singlethread);
                                wakeup_swapper = thread_unsuspend_one(
                                    p->p_singlethread, p, false);
                                if (wakeup_swapper)
                                        kick_proc0();
                        }
                }
                PROC_UNLOCK(p);
                thread_lock(td);
                /*
                 * When a thread suspends, it just
                 * gets taken off all queues.
                 */
                thread_suspend_one(td);
                if (return_instead == 0) {
                        p->p_boundary_count++;
                        td->td_flags |= TDF_BOUNDARY;
                }
                PROC_SUNLOCK(p);
                mi_switch(SW_INVOL | SWT_SUSPEND);
                PROC_LOCK(p);
        }
        return (0);
}
 
/*
 * Check for possible stops and suspensions while executing a
 * casueword or similar transiently failing operation.
 *
 * The sleep argument controls whether the function can handle a stop
 * request itself or it should return ERESTART and the request is
 * proceed at the kernel/user boundary in ast.
 *
 * Typically, when retrying due to casueword(9) failure (rv == 1), we
 * should handle the stop requests there, with exception of cases when
 * the thread owns a kernel resource, for instance busied the umtx
 * key, or when functions return immediately if thread_check_susp()
 * returned non-zero.  On the other hand, retrying the whole lock
 * operation, we better not stop there but delegate the handling to
 * ast.
 *
 * If the request is for thread termination P_SINGLE_EXIT, we cannot
 * handle it at all, and simply return EINTR.
 */
int
thread_check_susp(struct thread *td, bool sleep)
{
        struct proc *p;
        int error;
 
        /*
         * The check for TDF_NEEDSUSPCHK is racy, but it is enough to
         * eventually break the lockstep loop.
         */
        if ((td->td_flags & TDF_NEEDSUSPCHK) == 0)
                return (0);
        error = 0;
        p = td->td_proc;
        PROC_LOCK(p);
        if (p->p_flag & P_SINGLE_EXIT)
                error = EINTR;
        else if (P_SHOULDSTOP(p) ||
            ((p->p_flag & P_TRACED) && (td->td_dbgflags & TDB_SUSPEND)))
                error = sleep ? thread_suspend_check(0) : ERESTART;
        PROC_UNLOCK(p);
        return (error);
}
 
void
thread_suspend_switch(struct thread *td, struct proc *p)
{
 
        KASSERT(!TD_IS_SUSPENDED(td), ("already suspended"));
        PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
        PROC_SLOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
        /*
         * We implement thread_suspend_one in stages here to avoid
         * dropping the proc lock while the thread lock is owned.
         */
        if (p == td->td_proc) {
                thread_stopped(p);
                p->p_suspcount++;
        }
        PROC_UNLOCK(p);
        thread_lock(td);
        td->td_flags &= ~TDF_NEEDSUSPCHK;
        TD_SET_SUSPENDED(td);
        sched_sleep(td, 0);
        PROC_SUNLOCK(p);
        DROP_GIANT();
        mi_switch(SW_VOL | SWT_SUSPEND);
        PICKUP_GIANT();
        PROC_LOCK(p);
        PROC_SLOCK(p);
}
 
void
thread_suspend_one(struct thread *td)
{
        struct proc *p;
 
        p = td->td_proc;
        PROC_SLOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
        THREAD_LOCK_ASSERT(td, MA_OWNED);
        KASSERT(!TD_IS_SUSPENDED(td), ("already suspended"));
        p->p_suspcount++;
        td->td_flags &= ~TDF_NEEDSUSPCHK;
        TD_SET_SUSPENDED(td);
        sched_sleep(td, 0);
}
 
static int
thread_unsuspend_one(struct thread *td, struct proc *p, bool boundary)
{
 
        THREAD_LOCK_ASSERT(td, MA_OWNED);
        KASSERT(TD_IS_SUSPENDED(td), ("Thread not suspended"));
        TD_CLR_SUSPENDED(td);
        td->td_flags &= ~TDF_ALLPROCSUSP;
        if (td->td_proc == p) {
                PROC_SLOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
                p->p_suspcount--;
                if (boundary && (td->td_flags & TDF_BOUNDARY) != 0) {
                        td->td_flags &= ~TDF_BOUNDARY;
                        p->p_boundary_count--;
                }
        }
        return (setrunnable(td, 0));
}
 
void
thread_run_flash(struct thread *td)
{
        struct proc *p;
 
        p = td->td_proc;
        PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
 
        if (TD_ON_SLEEPQ(td))
                sleepq_remove_nested(td);
        else
                thread_lock(td);
 
        THREAD_LOCK_ASSERT(td, MA_OWNED);
        KASSERT(TD_IS_SUSPENDED(td), ("Thread not suspended"));
 
        TD_CLR_SUSPENDED(td);
        PROC_SLOCK(p);
        MPASS(p->p_suspcount > 0);
        p->p_suspcount--;
        PROC_SUNLOCK(p);
        if (setrunnable(td, 0))
                kick_proc0();
}
 
/*
 * Allow all threads blocked by single threading to continue running.
 */
void
thread_unsuspend(struct proc *p)
{
        struct thread *td;
        int wakeup_swapper;
 
        PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
        PROC_SLOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
        wakeup_swapper = 0;
        if (!P_SHOULDSTOP(p)) {
                FOREACH_THREAD_IN_PROC(p, td) {
                        thread_lock(td);
                        if (TD_IS_SUSPENDED(td)) {
                                wakeup_swapper |= thread_unsuspend_one(td, p,
                                    true);
                        } else
                                thread_unlock(td);
                }
        } else if (P_SHOULDSTOP(p) == P_STOPPED_SINGLE &&
            p->p_numthreads == p->p_suspcount) {
                /*
                 * Stopping everything also did the job for the single
                 * threading request. Now we've downgraded to single-threaded,
                 * let it continue.
                 */
                if (p->p_singlethread->td_proc == p) {
                        thread_lock(p->p_singlethread);
                        wakeup_swapper = thread_unsuspend_one(
                            p->p_singlethread, p, false);
                }
        }
        if (wakeup_swapper)
                kick_proc0();
}
 
/*
 * End the single threading mode..
 */
void
thread_single_end(struct proc *p, int mode)
{
        struct thread *td;
        int wakeup_swapper;
 
        KASSERT(mode == SINGLE_EXIT || mode == SINGLE_BOUNDARY ||
            mode == SINGLE_ALLPROC || mode == SINGLE_NO_EXIT,
            ("invalid mode %d", mode));
        PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
        KASSERT((mode == SINGLE_ALLPROC && (p->p_flag & P_TOTAL_STOP) != 0) ||
            (mode != SINGLE_ALLPROC && (p->p_flag & P_TOTAL_STOP) == 0),
            ("mode %d does not match P_TOTAL_STOP", mode));
        KASSERT(mode == SINGLE_ALLPROC || p->p_singlethread == curthread,
            ("thread_single_end from other thread %p %p",
            curthread, p->p_singlethread));
        KASSERT(mode != SINGLE_BOUNDARY ||
            (p->p_flag & P_SINGLE_BOUNDARY) != 0,
            ("mis-matched SINGLE_BOUNDARY flags %x", p->p_flag));
        p->p_flag &= ~(P_STOPPED_SINGLE | P_SINGLE_EXIT | P_SINGLE_BOUNDARY |
            P_TOTAL_STOP);
        PROC_SLOCK(p);
        p->p_singlethread = NULL;
        wakeup_swapper = 0;
        /*
         * If there are other threads they may now run,
         * unless of course there is a blanket 'stop order'
         * on the process. The single threader must be allowed
         * to continue however as this is a bad place to stop.
         */
        if (p->p_numthreads != remain_for_mode(mode) && !P_SHOULDSTOP(p)) {
                FOREACH_THREAD_IN_PROC(p, td) {
                        thread_lock(td);
                        if (TD_IS_SUSPENDED(td)) {
                                wakeup_swapper |= thread_unsuspend_one(td, p,
                                    mode == SINGLE_BOUNDARY);
                        } else
                                thread_unlock(td);
                }
        }
        KASSERT(mode != SINGLE_BOUNDARY || p->p_boundary_count == 0,
            ("inconsistent boundary count %d", p->p_boundary_count));
        PROC_SUNLOCK(p);
        if (wakeup_swapper)
                kick_proc0();
}
 
/*
 * Locate a thread by number and return with proc lock held.
 *
 * thread exit establishes proc -> tidhash lock ordering, but lookup
 * takes tidhash first and needs to return locked proc.
 *
 * The problem is worked around by relying on type-safety of both
 * structures and doing the work in 2 steps:
 * - tidhash-locked lookup which saves both thread and proc pointers
 * - proc-locked verification that the found thread still matches
 */
static bool
tdfind_hash(lwpid_t tid, pid_t pid, struct proc **pp, struct thread **tdp)
{
#define RUN_THRESH      16
        struct proc *p;
        struct thread *td;
        int run;
        bool locked;
 
        run = 0;
        rw_rlock(TIDHASHLOCK(tid));
        locked = true;
        LIST_FOREACH(td, TIDHASH(tid), td_hash) {
                if (td->td_tid != tid) {
                        run++;
                        continue;
                }
                p = td->td_proc;
                if (pid != -1 && p->p_pid != pid) {
                        td = NULL;
                        break;
                }
                if (run > RUN_THRESH) {
                        if (rw_try_upgrade(TIDHASHLOCK(tid))) {
                                LIST_REMOVE(td, td_hash);
                                LIST_INSERT_HEAD(TIDHASH(td->td_tid),
                                        td, td_hash);
                                rw_wunlock(TIDHASHLOCK(tid));
                                locked = false;
                                break;
                        }
                }
                break;
        }
        if (locked)
                rw_runlock(TIDHASHLOCK(tid));
        if (td == NULL)
                return (false);
        *pp = p;
        *tdp = td;
        return (true);
}
 
struct thread *
tdfind(lwpid_t tid, pid_t pid)
{
        struct proc *p;
        struct thread *td;
 
        td = curthread;
        if (td->td_tid == tid) {
                if (pid != -1 && td->td_proc->p_pid != pid)
                        return (NULL);
                PROC_LOCK(td->td_proc);
                return (td);
        }
 
        for (;;) {
                if (!tdfind_hash(tid, pid, &p, &td))
                        return (NULL);
                PROC_LOCK(p);
                if (td->td_tid != tid) {
                        PROC_UNLOCK(p);
                        continue;
                }
                if (td->td_proc != p) {
                        PROC_UNLOCK(p);
                        continue;
                }
                if (p->p_state == PRS_NEW) {
                        PROC_UNLOCK(p);
                        return (NULL);
                }
                return (td);
        }
}
 
void
tidhash_add(struct thread *td)
{
        rw_wlock(TIDHASHLOCK(td->td_tid));
        LIST_INSERT_HEAD(TIDHASH(td->td_tid), td, td_hash);
        rw_wunlock(TIDHASHLOCK(td->td_tid));
}
 
void
tidhash_remove(struct thread *td)
{
 
        rw_wlock(TIDHASHLOCK(td->td_tid));
        LIST_REMOVE(td, td_hash);
        rw_wunlock(TIDHASHLOCK(td->td_tid));
}