kern_shutdown.c

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/*-
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1986, 1988, 1991, 1993
 *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
 * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
 * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
 * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
 * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *      @(#)kern_shutdown.c     8.3 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
 */
 
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
 
#include "opt_ddb.h"
#include "opt_ekcd.h"
#include "opt_kdb.h"
#include "opt_panic.h"
#include "opt_printf.h"
#include "opt_sched.h"
#include "opt_watchdog.h"
 
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/bio.h>
#include <sys/boottrace.h>
#include <sys/buf.h>
#include <sys/conf.h>
#include <sys/compressor.h>
#include <sys/cons.h>
#include <sys/disk.h>
#include <sys/eventhandler.h>
#include <sys/filedesc.h>
#include <sys/jail.h>
#include <sys/kdb.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/kerneldump.h>
#include <sys/kthread.h>
#include <sys/ktr.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/mbuf.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/priv.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/reboot.h>
#include <sys/resourcevar.h>
#include <sys/rwlock.h>
#include <sys/sbuf.h>
#include <sys/sched.h>
#include <sys/smp.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/sysproto.h>
#include <sys/taskqueue.h>
#include <sys/vnode.h>
#include <sys/watchdog.h>
 
#include <crypto/chacha20/chacha.h>
#include <crypto/rijndael/rijndael-api-fst.h>
#include <crypto/sha2/sha256.h>
 
#include <ddb/ddb.h>
 
#include <machine/cpu.h>
#include <machine/dump.h>
#include <machine/pcb.h>
#include <machine/smp.h>
 
#include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
 
#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/vm_object.h>
#include <vm/vm_page.h>
#include <vm/vm_pager.h>
#include <vm/swap_pager.h>
 
#include <sys/signalvar.h>
 
static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_DUMPER, "dumper", "dumper block buffer");
 
#ifndef PANIC_REBOOT_WAIT_TIME
#define PANIC_REBOOT_WAIT_TIME 15 /* default to 15 seconds */
#endif
static int panic_reboot_wait_time = PANIC_REBOOT_WAIT_TIME;
SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, panic_reboot_wait_time, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
    &panic_reboot_wait_time, 0,
    "Seconds to wait before rebooting after a panic");
 
/*
 * Note that stdarg.h and the ANSI style va_start macro is used for both
 * ANSI and traditional C compilers.
 */
#include <machine/stdarg.h>
 
#ifdef KDB
#ifdef KDB_UNATTENDED
int debugger_on_panic = 0;
#else
int debugger_on_panic = 1;
#endif
SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, debugger_on_panic,
    CTLFLAG_RWTUN | CTLFLAG_SECURE,
    &debugger_on_panic, 0, "Run debugger on kernel panic");
 
static bool debugger_on_recursive_panic = false;
SYSCTL_BOOL(_debug, OID_AUTO, debugger_on_recursive_panic,
    CTLFLAG_RWTUN | CTLFLAG_SECURE,
    &debugger_on_recursive_panic, 0, "Run debugger on recursive kernel panic");
 
int debugger_on_trap = 0;
SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, debugger_on_trap,
    CTLFLAG_RWTUN | CTLFLAG_SECURE,
    &debugger_on_trap, 0, "Run debugger on kernel trap before panic");
 
#ifdef KDB_TRACE
static int trace_on_panic = 1;
static bool trace_all_panics = true;
#else
static int trace_on_panic = 0;
static bool trace_all_panics = false;
#endif
SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, trace_on_panic,
    CTLFLAG_RWTUN | CTLFLAG_SECURE,
    &trace_on_panic, 0, "Print stack trace on kernel panic");
SYSCTL_BOOL(_debug, OID_AUTO, trace_all_panics, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
    &trace_all_panics, 0, "Print stack traces on secondary kernel panics");
#endif /* KDB */
 
static int sync_on_panic = 0;
SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, sync_on_panic, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
        &sync_on_panic, 0, "Do a sync before rebooting from a panic");
 
static bool poweroff_on_panic = 0;
SYSCTL_BOOL(_kern, OID_AUTO, poweroff_on_panic, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
        &poweroff_on_panic, 0, "Do a power off instead of a reboot on a panic");
 
static bool powercycle_on_panic = 0;
SYSCTL_BOOL(_kern, OID_AUTO, powercycle_on_panic, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
        &powercycle_on_panic, 0, "Do a power cycle instead of a reboot on a panic");
 
static SYSCTL_NODE(_kern, OID_AUTO, shutdown, CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, 0,
    "Shutdown environment");
 
#ifndef DIAGNOSTIC
static int show_busybufs;
#else
static int show_busybufs = 1;
#endif
SYSCTL_INT(_kern_shutdown, OID_AUTO, show_busybufs, CTLFLAG_RW,
    &show_busybufs, 0,
    "Show busy buffers during shutdown");
 
int suspend_blocked = 0;
SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, suspend_blocked, CTLFLAG_RW,
        &suspend_blocked, 0, "Block suspend due to a pending shutdown");
 
#ifdef EKCD
FEATURE(ekcd, "Encrypted kernel crash dumps support");
 
MALLOC_DEFINE(M_EKCD, "ekcd", "Encrypted kernel crash dumps data");
 
struct kerneldumpcrypto {
        uint8_t                 kdc_encryption;
        uint8_t                 kdc_iv[KERNELDUMP_IV_MAX_SIZE];
        union {
                struct {
                        keyInstance     aes_ki;
                        cipherInstance  aes_ci;
                } u_aes;
                struct chacha_ctx       u_chacha;
        } u;
#define kdc_ki  u.u_aes.aes_ki
#define kdc_ci  u.u_aes.aes_ci
#define kdc_chacha      u.u_chacha
        uint32_t                kdc_dumpkeysize;
        struct kerneldumpkey    kdc_dumpkey[];
};
#endif
 
struct kerneldumpcomp {
        uint8_t                 kdc_format;
        struct compressor       *kdc_stream;
        uint8_t                 *kdc_buf;
        size_t                  kdc_resid;
};
 
static struct kerneldumpcomp *kerneldumpcomp_create(struct dumperinfo *di,
                    uint8_t compression);
static void     kerneldumpcomp_destroy(struct dumperinfo *di);
static int      kerneldumpcomp_write_cb(void *base, size_t len, off_t off, void *arg);
 
static int kerneldump_gzlevel = 6;
SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, kerneldump_gzlevel, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
    &kerneldump_gzlevel, 0,
    "Kernel crash dump compression level");
 
/*
 * Variable panicstr contains argument to first call to panic; used as flag
 * to indicate that the kernel has already called panic.
 */
const char *panicstr;
bool __read_frequently panicked;
 
int __read_mostly dumping;              /* system is dumping */
int rebooting;                          /* system is rebooting */
/*
 * Used to serialize between sysctl kern.shutdown.dumpdevname and list
 * modifications via ioctl.
 */
static struct mtx dumpconf_list_lk;
MTX_SYSINIT(dumper_configs, &dumpconf_list_lk, "dumper config list", MTX_DEF);
 
/* Our selected dumper(s). */
static TAILQ_HEAD(dumpconflist, dumperinfo) dumper_configs =
    TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(dumper_configs);
 
/* Context information for dump-debuggers. */
static struct pcb dumppcb;              /* Registers. */
lwpid_t dumptid;                        /* Thread ID. */
 
static struct cdevsw reroot_cdevsw = {
     .d_version = D_VERSION,
     .d_name    = "reroot",
};
 
static void poweroff_wait(void *, int);
static void shutdown_halt(void *junk, int howto);
static void shutdown_panic(void *junk, int howto);
static void shutdown_reset(void *junk, int howto);
static int kern_reroot(void);
 
/* register various local shutdown events */
static void
shutdown_conf(void *unused)
{
 
        EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(shutdown_final, poweroff_wait, NULL,
            SHUTDOWN_PRI_FIRST);
        EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(shutdown_final, shutdown_halt, NULL,
            SHUTDOWN_PRI_LAST + 100);
        EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(shutdown_final, shutdown_panic, NULL,
            SHUTDOWN_PRI_LAST + 100);
        EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(shutdown_final, shutdown_reset, NULL,
            SHUTDOWN_PRI_LAST + 200);
}
 
SYSINIT(shutdown_conf, SI_SUB_INTRINSIC, SI_ORDER_ANY, shutdown_conf, NULL);
 
/*
 * The only reason this exists is to create the /dev/reroot/ directory,
 * used by reroot code in init(8) as a mountpoint for tmpfs.
 */
static void
reroot_conf(void *unused)
{
        int error;
        struct cdev *cdev;
 
        error = make_dev_p(MAKEDEV_CHECKNAME | MAKEDEV_WAITOK, &cdev,
            &reroot_cdevsw, NULL, UID_ROOT, GID_WHEEL, 0600, "reroot/reroot");
        if (error != 0) {
                printf("%s: failed to create device node, error %d",
                    __func__, error);
        }
}
 
SYSINIT(reroot_conf, SI_SUB_DEVFS, SI_ORDER_ANY, reroot_conf, NULL);
 
/*
 * The system call that results in a reboot.
 */
/* ARGSUSED */
int
sys_reboot(struct thread *td, struct reboot_args *uap)
{
        int error;
 
        error = 0;
#ifdef MAC
        error = mac_system_check_reboot(td->td_ucred, uap->opt);
#endif
        if (error == 0)
                error = priv_check(td, PRIV_REBOOT);
        if (error == 0) {
                if (uap->opt & RB_REROOT)
                        error = kern_reroot();
                else
                        kern_reboot(uap->opt);
        }
        return (error);
}
 
static void
shutdown_nice_task_fn(void *arg, int pending __unused)
{
        int howto;
 
        howto = (uintptr_t)arg;
        /* Send a signal to init(8) and have it shutdown the world. */
        PROC_LOCK(initproc);
        if ((howto & RB_POWEROFF) != 0) {
                BOOTTRACE("SIGUSR2 to init(8)");
                kern_psignal(initproc, SIGUSR2);
        } else if ((howto & RB_POWERCYCLE) != 0) {
                BOOTTRACE("SIGWINCH to init(8)");
                kern_psignal(initproc, SIGWINCH);
        } else if ((howto & RB_HALT) != 0) {
                BOOTTRACE("SIGUSR1 to init(8)");
                kern_psignal(initproc, SIGUSR1);
        } else {
                BOOTTRACE("SIGINT to init(8)");
                kern_psignal(initproc, SIGINT);
        }
        PROC_UNLOCK(initproc);
}
 
static struct task shutdown_nice_task = TASK_INITIALIZER(0,
    &shutdown_nice_task_fn, NULL);
 
/*
 * Called by events that want to shut down.. e.g  <CTL><ALT><DEL> on a PC
 */
void
shutdown_nice(int howto)
{
 
        if (initproc != NULL && !SCHEDULER_STOPPED()) {
                BOOTTRACE("shutdown initiated");
                shutdown_nice_task.ta_context = (void *)(uintptr_t)howto;
                taskqueue_enqueue(taskqueue_fast, &shutdown_nice_task);
        } else {
                /*
                 * No init(8) running, or scheduler would not allow it
                 * to run, so simply reboot.
                 */
                kern_reboot(howto | RB_NOSYNC);
        }
}
 
static void
print_uptime(void)
{
        int f;
        struct timespec ts;
 
        getnanouptime(&ts);
        printf("Uptime: ");
        f = 0;
        if (ts.tv_sec >= 86400) {
                printf("%ldd", (long)ts.tv_sec / 86400);
                ts.tv_sec %= 86400;
                f = 1;
        }
        if (f || ts.tv_sec >= 3600) {
                printf("%ldh", (long)ts.tv_sec / 3600);
                ts.tv_sec %= 3600;
                f = 1;
        }
        if (f || ts.tv_sec >= 60) {
                printf("%ldm", (long)ts.tv_sec / 60);
                ts.tv_sec %= 60;
                f = 1;
        }
        printf("%lds\n", (long)ts.tv_sec);
}
 
int
doadump(boolean_t textdump)
{
        boolean_t coredump;
        int error;
 
        error = 0;
        if (dumping)
                return (EBUSY);
        if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&dumper_configs))
                return (ENXIO);
 
        savectx(&dumppcb);
        dumptid = curthread->td_tid;
        dumping++;
 
        coredump = TRUE;
#ifdef DDB
        if (textdump && textdump_pending) {
                coredump = FALSE;
                textdump_dumpsys(TAILQ_FIRST(&dumper_configs));
        }
#endif
        if (coredump) {
                struct dumperinfo *di;
 
                TAILQ_FOREACH(di, &dumper_configs, di_next) {
                        error = dumpsys(di);
                        if (error == 0)
                                break;
                }
        }
 
        dumping--;
        return (error);
}
 
/*
 * Trace the shutdown reason.
 */
static void
reboottrace(int howto)
{
        if ((howto & RB_DUMP) != 0) {
                if ((howto & RB_HALT) != 0)
                        BOOTTRACE("system panic: halting...");
                if ((howto & RB_POWEROFF) != 0)
                        BOOTTRACE("system panic: powering off...");
                if ((howto & (RB_HALT|RB_POWEROFF)) == 0)
                        BOOTTRACE("system panic: rebooting...");
        } else {
                if ((howto & RB_HALT) != 0)
                        BOOTTRACE("system halting...");
                if ((howto & RB_POWEROFF) != 0)
                        BOOTTRACE("system powering off...");
                if ((howto & (RB_HALT|RB_POWEROFF)) == 0)
                        BOOTTRACE("system rebooting...");
        }
}
 
/*
 * kern_reboot(9): Shut down the system cleanly to prepare for reboot, halt, or
 * power off.
 */
void
kern_reboot(int howto)
{
        static int once = 0;
 
        if (initproc != NULL && curproc != initproc)
                BOOTTRACE("kernel shutdown (dirty) started");
        else
                BOOTTRACE("kernel shutdown (clean) started");
 
        /*
         * Normal paths here don't hold Giant, but we can wind up here
         * unexpectedly with it held.  Drop it now so we don't have to
         * drop and pick it up elsewhere. The paths it is locking will
         * never be returned to, and it is preferable to preclude
         * deadlock than to lock against code that won't ever
         * continue.
         */
        while (mtx_owned(&Giant))
                mtx_unlock(&Giant);
 
#if defined(SMP)
        /*
         * Bind us to the first CPU so that all shutdown code runs there.  Some
         * systems don't shutdown properly (i.e., ACPI power off) if we
         * run on another processor.
         */
        if (!SCHEDULER_STOPPED()) {
                thread_lock(curthread);
                sched_bind(curthread, CPU_FIRST());
                thread_unlock(curthread);
                KASSERT(PCPU_GET(cpuid) == CPU_FIRST(),
                    ("%s: not running on cpu 0", __func__));
        }
#endif
        /* We're in the process of rebooting. */
        rebooting = 1;
        reboottrace(howto);
 
        /* We are out of the debugger now. */
        kdb_active = 0;
 
        /*
         * Do any callouts that should be done BEFORE syncing the filesystems.
         */
        EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(shutdown_pre_sync, howto);
        BOOTTRACE("shutdown pre sync complete");
 
        /* 
         * Now sync filesystems
         */
        if (!cold && (howto & RB_NOSYNC) == 0 && once == 0) {
                once = 1;
                BOOTTRACE("bufshutdown begin");
                bufshutdown(show_busybufs);
                BOOTTRACE("bufshutdown end");
        }
 
        print_uptime();
 
        cngrab();
 
        /*
         * Ok, now do things that assume all filesystem activity has
         * been completed.
         */
        EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(shutdown_post_sync, howto);
        BOOTTRACE("shutdown post sync complete");
 
        if ((howto & (RB_HALT|RB_DUMP)) == RB_DUMP && !cold && !dumping) 
                doadump(TRUE);
 
        /* Now that we're going to really halt the system... */
        BOOTTRACE("shutdown final begin");
 
        if (shutdown_trace)
                boottrace_dump_console();
 
        EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(shutdown_final, howto);
 
        for(;;) ;       /* safety against shutdown_reset not working */
        /* NOTREACHED */
}
 
/*
 * The system call that results in changing the rootfs.
 */
static int
kern_reroot(void)
{
        struct vnode *oldrootvnode, *vp;
        struct mount *mp, *devmp;
        int error;
 
        if (curproc != initproc)
                return (EPERM);
 
        /*
         * Mark the filesystem containing currently-running executable
         * (the temporary copy of init(8)) busy.
         */
        vp = curproc->p_textvp;
        error = vn_lock(vp, LK_SHARED);
        if (error != 0)
                return (error);
        mp = vp->v_mount;
        error = vfs_busy(mp, MBF_NOWAIT);
        if (error != 0) {
                vfs_ref(mp);
                VOP_UNLOCK(vp);
                error = vfs_busy(mp, 0);
                vn_lock(vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
                vfs_rel(mp);
                if (error != 0) {
                        VOP_UNLOCK(vp);
                        return (ENOENT);
                }
                if (VN_IS_DOOMED(vp)) {
                        VOP_UNLOCK(vp);
                        vfs_unbusy(mp);
                        return (ENOENT);
                }
        }
        VOP_UNLOCK(vp);
 
        /*
         * Remove the filesystem containing currently-running executable
         * from the mount list, to prevent it from being unmounted
         * by vfs_unmountall(), and to avoid confusing vfs_mountroot().
         *
         * Also preserve /dev - forcibly unmounting it could cause driver
         * reinitialization.
         */
 
        vfs_ref(rootdevmp);
        devmp = rootdevmp;
        rootdevmp = NULL;
 
        mtx_lock(&mountlist_mtx);
        TAILQ_REMOVE(&mountlist, mp, mnt_list);
        TAILQ_REMOVE(&mountlist, devmp, mnt_list);
        mtx_unlock(&mountlist_mtx);
 
        oldrootvnode = rootvnode;
 
        /*
         * Unmount everything except for the two filesystems preserved above.
         */
        vfs_unmountall();
 
        /*
         * Add /dev back; vfs_mountroot() will move it into its new place.
         */
        mtx_lock(&mountlist_mtx);
        TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&mountlist, devmp, mnt_list);
        mtx_unlock(&mountlist_mtx);
        rootdevmp = devmp;
        vfs_rel(rootdevmp);
 
        /*
         * Mount the new rootfs.
         */
        vfs_mountroot();
 
        /*
         * Update all references to the old rootvnode.
         */
        mountcheckdirs(oldrootvnode, rootvnode);
 
        /*
         * Add the temporary filesystem back and unbusy it.
         */
        mtx_lock(&mountlist_mtx);
        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&mountlist, mp, mnt_list);
        mtx_unlock(&mountlist_mtx);
        vfs_unbusy(mp);
 
        return (0);
}
 
/*
 * If the shutdown was a clean halt, behave accordingly.
 */
static void
shutdown_halt(void *junk, int howto)
{
 
        if (howto & RB_HALT) {
                printf("\n");
                printf("The operating system has halted.\n");
                printf("Please press any key to reboot.\n\n");
 
                wdog_kern_pat(WD_TO_NEVER);
 
                switch (cngetc()) {
                case -1:                /* No console, just die */
                        cpu_halt();
                        /* NOTREACHED */
                default:
                        break;
                }
        }
}
 
/*
 * Check to see if the system paniced, pause and then reboot
 * according to the specified delay.
 */
static void
shutdown_panic(void *junk, int howto)
{
        int loop;
 
        if (howto & RB_DUMP) {
                if (panic_reboot_wait_time != 0) {
                        if (panic_reboot_wait_time != -1) {
                                printf("Automatic reboot in %d seconds - "
                                       "press a key on the console to abort\n",
                                        panic_reboot_wait_time);
                                for (loop = panic_reboot_wait_time * 10;
                                     loop > 0; --loop) {
                                        DELAY(1000 * 100); /* 1/10th second */
                                        /* Did user type a key? */
                                        if (cncheckc() != -1)
                                                break;
                                }
                                if (!loop)
                                        return;
                        }
                } else { /* zero time specified - reboot NOW */
                        return;
                }
                printf("--> Press a key on the console to reboot,\n");
                printf("--> or switch off the system now.\n");
                cngetc();
        }
}
 
/*
 * Everything done, now reset
 */
static void
shutdown_reset(void *junk, int howto)
{
 
        printf("Rebooting...\n");
        DELAY(1000000); /* wait 1 sec for printf's to complete and be read */
 
        /*
         * Acquiring smp_ipi_mtx here has a double effect:
         * - it disables interrupts avoiding CPU0 preemption
         *   by fast handlers (thus deadlocking  against other CPUs)
         * - it avoids deadlocks against smp_rendezvous() or, more 
         *   generally, threads busy-waiting, with this spinlock held,
         *   and waiting for responses by threads on other CPUs
         *   (ie. smp_tlb_shootdown()).
         *
         * For the !SMP case it just needs to handle the former problem.
         */
#ifdef SMP
        mtx_lock_spin(&smp_ipi_mtx);
#else
        spinlock_enter();
#endif
 
        cpu_reset();
        /* NOTREACHED */ /* assuming reset worked */
}
 
#if defined(WITNESS) || defined(INVARIANT_SUPPORT)
static int kassert_warn_only = 0;
#ifdef KDB
static int kassert_do_kdb = 0;
#endif
#ifdef KTR
static int kassert_do_ktr = 0;
#endif
static int kassert_do_log = 1;
static int kassert_log_pps_limit = 4;
static int kassert_log_mute_at = 0;
static int kassert_log_panic_at = 0;
static int kassert_suppress_in_panic = 0;
static int kassert_warnings = 0;
 
SYSCTL_NODE(_debug, OID_AUTO, kassert, CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, NULL,
    "kassert options");
 
#ifdef KASSERT_PANIC_OPTIONAL
#define KASSERT_RWTUN   CTLFLAG_RWTUN
#else
#define KASSERT_RWTUN   CTLFLAG_RDTUN
#endif
 
SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, warn_only, KASSERT_RWTUN,
    &kassert_warn_only, 0,
    "KASSERT triggers a panic (0) or just a warning (1)");
 
#ifdef KDB
SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, do_kdb, KASSERT_RWTUN,
    &kassert_do_kdb, 0, "KASSERT will enter the debugger");
#endif
 
#ifdef KTR
SYSCTL_UINT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, do_ktr, KASSERT_RWTUN,
    &kassert_do_ktr, 0,
    "KASSERT does a KTR, set this to the KTRMASK you want");
#endif
 
SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, do_log, KASSERT_RWTUN,
    &kassert_do_log, 0,
    "If warn_only is enabled, log (1) or do not log (0) assertion violations");
 
SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, warnings, CTLFLAG_RD | CTLFLAG_STATS,
    &kassert_warnings, 0, "number of KASSERTs that have been triggered");
 
SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, log_panic_at, KASSERT_RWTUN,
    &kassert_log_panic_at, 0, "max number of KASSERTS before we will panic");
 
SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, log_pps_limit, KASSERT_RWTUN,
    &kassert_log_pps_limit, 0, "limit number of log messages per second");
 
SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, log_mute_at, KASSERT_RWTUN,
    &kassert_log_mute_at, 0, "max number of KASSERTS to log");
 
SYSCTL_INT(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, suppress_in_panic, KASSERT_RWTUN,
    &kassert_suppress_in_panic, 0,
    "KASSERTs will be suppressed while handling a panic");
#undef KASSERT_RWTUN
 
static int kassert_sysctl_kassert(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
 
SYSCTL_PROC(_debug_kassert, OID_AUTO, kassert,
    CTLTYPE_INT | CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_SECURE | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, NULL, 0,
    kassert_sysctl_kassert, "I",
    "set to trigger a test kassert");
 
static int
kassert_sysctl_kassert(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
{
        int error, i;
 
        error = sysctl_wire_old_buffer(req, sizeof(int));
        if (error == 0) {
                i = 0;
                error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &i, 0, req);
        }
        if (error != 0 || req->newptr == NULL)
                return (error);
        KASSERT(0, ("kassert_sysctl_kassert triggered kassert %d", i));
        return (0);
}
 
#ifdef KASSERT_PANIC_OPTIONAL
/*
 * Called by KASSERT, this decides if we will panic
 * or if we will log via printf and/or ktr.
 */
void
kassert_panic(const char *fmt, ...)
{
        static char buf[256];
        va_list ap;
 
        va_start(ap, fmt);
        (void)vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
        va_end(ap);
 
        /*
         * If we are suppressing secondary panics, log the warning but do not
         * re-enter panic/kdb.
         */
        if (panicstr != NULL && kassert_suppress_in_panic) {
                if (kassert_do_log) {
                        printf("KASSERT failed: %s\n", buf);
#ifdef KDB
                        if (trace_all_panics && trace_on_panic)
                                kdb_backtrace();
#endif
                }
                return;
        }
 
        /*
         * panic if we're not just warning, or if we've exceeded
         * kassert_log_panic_at warnings.
         */
        if (!kassert_warn_only ||
            (kassert_log_panic_at > 0 &&
             kassert_warnings >= kassert_log_panic_at)) {
                va_start(ap, fmt);
                vpanic(fmt, ap);
                /* NORETURN */
        }
#ifdef KTR
        if (kassert_do_ktr)
                CTR0(ktr_mask, buf);
#endif /* KTR */
        /*
         * log if we've not yet met the mute limit.
         */
        if (kassert_do_log &&
            (kassert_log_mute_at == 0 ||
             kassert_warnings < kassert_log_mute_at)) {
                static  struct timeval lasterr;
                static  int curerr;
 
                if (ppsratecheck(&lasterr, &curerr, kassert_log_pps_limit)) {
                        printf("KASSERT failed: %s\n", buf);
                        kdb_backtrace();
                }
        }
#ifdef KDB
        if (kassert_do_kdb) {
                kdb_enter(KDB_WHY_KASSERT, buf);
        }
#endif
        atomic_add_int(&kassert_warnings, 1);
}
#endif /* KASSERT_PANIC_OPTIONAL */
#endif
 
/*
 * Panic is called on unresolvable fatal errors.  It prints "panic: mesg",
 * and then reboots.  If we are called twice, then we avoid trying to sync
 * the disks as this often leads to recursive panics.
 */
void
panic(const char *fmt, ...)
{
        va_list ap;
 
        va_start(ap, fmt);
        vpanic(fmt, ap);
}
 
void
vpanic(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
{
#ifdef SMP
        cpuset_t other_cpus;
#endif
        struct thread *td = curthread;
        int bootopt, newpanic;
        static char buf[256];
 
        spinlock_enter();
 
#ifdef SMP
        /*
         * stop_cpus_hard(other_cpus) should prevent multiple CPUs from
         * concurrently entering panic.  Only the winner will proceed
         * further.
         */
        if (panicstr == NULL && !kdb_active) {
                other_cpus = all_cpus;
                CPU_CLR(PCPU_GET(cpuid), &other_cpus);
                stop_cpus_hard(other_cpus);
        }
#endif
 
        /*
         * Ensure that the scheduler is stopped while panicking, even if panic
         * has been entered from kdb.
         */
        td->td_stopsched = 1;
 
        bootopt = RB_AUTOBOOT;
        newpanic = 0;
        if (panicstr)
                bootopt |= RB_NOSYNC;
        else {
                bootopt |= RB_DUMP;
                panicstr = fmt;
                panicked = true;
                newpanic = 1;
        }
 
        if (newpanic) {
                (void)vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
                panicstr = buf;
                cngrab();
                printf("panic: %s\n", buf);
        } else {
                printf("panic: ");
                vprintf(fmt, ap);
                printf("\n");
        }
#ifdef SMP
        printf("cpuid = %d\n", PCPU_GET(cpuid));
#endif
        printf("time = %jd\n", (intmax_t )time_second);
#ifdef KDB
        if ((newpanic || trace_all_panics) && trace_on_panic)
                kdb_backtrace();
        if (debugger_on_panic)
                kdb_enter(KDB_WHY_PANIC, "panic");
        else if (!newpanic && debugger_on_recursive_panic)
                kdb_enter(KDB_WHY_PANIC, "re-panic");
#endif
        /*thread_lock(td); */
        td->td_flags |= TDF_INPANIC;
        /* thread_unlock(td); */
        if (!sync_on_panic)
                bootopt |= RB_NOSYNC;
        if (poweroff_on_panic)
                bootopt |= RB_POWEROFF;
        if (powercycle_on_panic)
                bootopt |= RB_POWERCYCLE;
        kern_reboot(bootopt);
}
 
/*
 * Support for poweroff delay.
 *
 * Please note that setting this delay too short might power off your machine
 * before the write cache on your hard disk has been flushed, leading to
 * soft-updates inconsistencies.
 */
#ifndef POWEROFF_DELAY
# define POWEROFF_DELAY 5000
#endif
static int poweroff_delay = POWEROFF_DELAY;
 
SYSCTL_INT(_kern_shutdown, OID_AUTO, poweroff_delay, CTLFLAG_RW,
    &poweroff_delay, 0, "Delay before poweroff to write disk caches (msec)");
 
static void
poweroff_wait(void *junk, int howto)
{
 
        if ((howto & (RB_POWEROFF | RB_POWERCYCLE)) == 0 || poweroff_delay <= 0)
                return;
        DELAY(poweroff_delay * 1000);
}
 
/*
 * Some system processes (e.g. syncer) need to be stopped at appropriate
 * points in their main loops prior to a system shutdown, so that they
 * won't interfere with the shutdown process (e.g. by holding a disk buf
 * to cause sync to fail).  For each of these system processes, register
 * shutdown_kproc() as a handler for one of shutdown events.
 */
static int kproc_shutdown_wait = 60;
SYSCTL_INT(_kern_shutdown, OID_AUTO, kproc_shutdown_wait, CTLFLAG_RW,
    &kproc_shutdown_wait, 0, "Max wait time (sec) to stop for each process");
 
void
kproc_shutdown(void *arg, int howto)
{
        struct proc *p;
        int error;
 
        if (panicstr)
                return;
 
        p = (struct proc *)arg;
        printf("Waiting (max %d seconds) for system process `%s' to stop... ",
            kproc_shutdown_wait, p->p_comm);
        error = kproc_suspend(p, kproc_shutdown_wait * hz);
 
        if (error == EWOULDBLOCK)
                printf("timed out\n");
        else
                printf("done\n");
}
 
void
kthread_shutdown(void *arg, int howto)
{
        struct thread *td;
        int error;
 
        if (panicstr)
                return;
 
        td = (struct thread *)arg;
        printf("Waiting (max %d seconds) for system thread `%s' to stop... ",
            kproc_shutdown_wait, td->td_name);
        error = kthread_suspend(td, kproc_shutdown_wait * hz);
 
        if (error == EWOULDBLOCK)
                printf("timed out\n");
        else
                printf("done\n");
}
 
static int
dumpdevname_sysctl_handler(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
{
        char buf[256];
        struct dumperinfo *di;
        struct sbuf sb;
        int error;
 
        error = sysctl_wire_old_buffer(req, 0);
        if (error != 0)
                return (error);
 
        sbuf_new_for_sysctl(&sb, buf, sizeof(buf), req);
 
        mtx_lock(&dumpconf_list_lk);
        TAILQ_FOREACH(di, &dumper_configs, di_next) {
                if (di != TAILQ_FIRST(&dumper_configs))
                        sbuf_putc(&sb, ',');
                sbuf_cat(&sb, di->di_devname);
        }
        mtx_unlock(&dumpconf_list_lk);
 
        error = sbuf_finish(&sb);
        sbuf_delete(&sb);
        return (error);
}
SYSCTL_PROC(_kern_shutdown, OID_AUTO, dumpdevname,
    CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RD | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, &dumper_configs, 0,
    dumpdevname_sysctl_handler, "A",
    "Device(s) for kernel dumps");
 
static int      _dump_append(struct dumperinfo *di, void *virtual,
                    vm_offset_t physical, size_t length);
 
#ifdef EKCD
static struct kerneldumpcrypto *
kerneldumpcrypto_create(size_t blocksize, uint8_t encryption,
    const uint8_t *key, uint32_t encryptedkeysize, const uint8_t *encryptedkey)
{
        struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc;
        struct kerneldumpkey *kdk;
        uint32_t dumpkeysize;
 
        dumpkeysize = roundup2(sizeof(*kdk) + encryptedkeysize, blocksize);
        kdc = malloc(sizeof(*kdc) + dumpkeysize, M_EKCD, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
 
        arc4rand(kdc->kdc_iv, sizeof(kdc->kdc_iv), 0);
 
        kdc->kdc_encryption = encryption;
        switch (kdc->kdc_encryption) {
        case KERNELDUMP_ENC_AES_256_CBC:
                if (rijndael_makeKey(&kdc->kdc_ki, DIR_ENCRYPT, 256, key) <= 0)
                        goto failed;
                break;
        case KERNELDUMP_ENC_CHACHA20:
                chacha_keysetup(&kdc->kdc_chacha, key, 256);
                break;
        default:
                goto failed;
        }
 
        kdc->kdc_dumpkeysize = dumpkeysize;
        kdk = kdc->kdc_dumpkey;
        kdk->kdk_encryption = kdc->kdc_encryption;
        memcpy(kdk->kdk_iv, kdc->kdc_iv, sizeof(kdk->kdk_iv));
        kdk->kdk_encryptedkeysize = htod32(encryptedkeysize);
        memcpy(kdk->kdk_encryptedkey, encryptedkey, encryptedkeysize);
 
        return (kdc);
failed:
        zfree(kdc, M_EKCD);
        return (NULL);
}
 
static int
kerneldumpcrypto_init(struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc)
{
        uint8_t hash[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH];
        SHA256_CTX ctx;
        struct kerneldumpkey *kdk;
        int error;
 
        error = 0;
 
        if (kdc == NULL)
                return (0);
 
        /*
         * When a user enters ddb it can write a crash dump multiple times.
         * Each time it should be encrypted using a different IV.
         */
        SHA256_Init(&ctx);
        SHA256_Update(&ctx, kdc->kdc_iv, sizeof(kdc->kdc_iv));
        SHA256_Final(hash, &ctx);
        bcopy(hash, kdc->kdc_iv, sizeof(kdc->kdc_iv));
 
        switch (kdc->kdc_encryption) {
        case KERNELDUMP_ENC_AES_256_CBC:
                if (rijndael_cipherInit(&kdc->kdc_ci, MODE_CBC,
                    kdc->kdc_iv) <= 0) {
                        error = EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }
                break;
        case KERNELDUMP_ENC_CHACHA20:
                chacha_ivsetup(&kdc->kdc_chacha, kdc->kdc_iv, NULL);
                break;
        default:
                error = EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }
 
        kdk = kdc->kdc_dumpkey;
        memcpy(kdk->kdk_iv, kdc->kdc_iv, sizeof(kdk->kdk_iv));
out:
        explicit_bzero(hash, sizeof(hash));
        return (error);
}
 
static uint32_t
kerneldumpcrypto_dumpkeysize(const struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc)
{
 
        if (kdc == NULL)
                return (0);
        return (kdc->kdc_dumpkeysize);
}
#endif /* EKCD */
 
static struct kerneldumpcomp *
kerneldumpcomp_create(struct dumperinfo *di, uint8_t compression)
{
        struct kerneldumpcomp *kdcomp;
        int format;
 
        switch (compression) {
        case KERNELDUMP_COMP_GZIP:
                format = COMPRESS_GZIP;
                break;
        case KERNELDUMP_COMP_ZSTD:
                format = COMPRESS_ZSTD;
                break;
        default:
                return (NULL);
        }
 
        kdcomp = malloc(sizeof(*kdcomp), M_DUMPER, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
        kdcomp->kdc_format = compression;
        kdcomp->kdc_stream = compressor_init(kerneldumpcomp_write_cb,
            format, di->maxiosize, kerneldump_gzlevel, di);
        if (kdcomp->kdc_stream == NULL) {
                free(kdcomp, M_DUMPER);
                return (NULL);
        }
        kdcomp->kdc_buf = malloc(di->maxiosize, M_DUMPER, M_WAITOK | M_NODUMP);
        return (kdcomp);
}
 
static void
kerneldumpcomp_destroy(struct dumperinfo *di)
{
        struct kerneldumpcomp *kdcomp;
 
        kdcomp = di->kdcomp;
        if (kdcomp == NULL)
                return;
        compressor_fini(kdcomp->kdc_stream);
        zfree(kdcomp->kdc_buf, M_DUMPER);
        free(kdcomp, M_DUMPER);
}
 
/*
 * Must not be present on global list.
 */
static void
free_single_dumper(struct dumperinfo *di)
{
 
        if (di == NULL)
                return;
 
        zfree(di->blockbuf, M_DUMPER);
 
        kerneldumpcomp_destroy(di);
 
#ifdef EKCD
        zfree(di->kdcrypto, M_EKCD);
#endif
        zfree(di, M_DUMPER);
}
 
/* Registration of dumpers */
int
dumper_insert(const struct dumperinfo *di_template, const char *devname,
    const struct diocskerneldump_arg *kda)
{
        struct dumperinfo *newdi, *listdi;
        bool inserted;
        uint8_t index;
        int error;
 
        index = kda->kda_index;
        MPASS(index != KDA_REMOVE && index != KDA_REMOVE_DEV &&
            index != KDA_REMOVE_ALL);
 
        error = priv_check(curthread, PRIV_SETDUMPER);
        if (error != 0)
                return (error);
 
        newdi = malloc(sizeof(*newdi) + strlen(devname) + 1, M_DUMPER, M_WAITOK
            | M_ZERO);
        memcpy(newdi, di_template, sizeof(*newdi));
        newdi->blockbuf = NULL;
        newdi->kdcrypto = NULL;
        newdi->kdcomp = NULL;
        strcpy(newdi->di_devname, devname);
 
        if (kda->kda_encryption != KERNELDUMP_ENC_NONE) {
#ifdef EKCD
                newdi->kdcrypto = kerneldumpcrypto_create(di_template->blocksize,
                    kda->kda_encryption, kda->kda_key,
                    kda->kda_encryptedkeysize, kda->kda_encryptedkey);
                if (newdi->kdcrypto == NULL) {
                        error = EINVAL;
                        goto cleanup;
                }
#else
                error = EOPNOTSUPP;
                goto cleanup;
#endif
        }
        if (kda->kda_compression != KERNELDUMP_COMP_NONE) {
#ifdef EKCD
                /*
                 * We can't support simultaneous unpadded block cipher
                 * encryption and compression because there is no guarantee the
                 * length of the compressed result is exactly a multiple of the
                 * cipher block size.
                 */
                if (kda->kda_encryption == KERNELDUMP_ENC_AES_256_CBC) {
                        error = EOPNOTSUPP;
                        goto cleanup;
                }
#endif
                newdi->kdcomp = kerneldumpcomp_create(newdi,
                    kda->kda_compression);
                if (newdi->kdcomp == NULL) {
                        error = EINVAL;
                        goto cleanup;
                }
        }
 
        newdi->blockbuf = malloc(newdi->blocksize, M_DUMPER, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
 
        /* Add the new configuration to the queue */
        mtx_lock(&dumpconf_list_lk);
        inserted = false;
        TAILQ_FOREACH(listdi, &dumper_configs, di_next) {
                if (index == 0) {
                        TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(listdi, newdi, di_next);
                        inserted = true;
                        break;
                }
                index--;
        }
        if (!inserted)
                TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&dumper_configs, newdi, di_next);
        mtx_unlock(&dumpconf_list_lk);
 
        return (0);
 
cleanup:
        free_single_dumper(newdi);
        return (error);
}
 
#ifdef DDB
void
dumper_ddb_insert(struct dumperinfo *newdi)
{
        TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&dumper_configs, newdi, di_next);
}
 
void
dumper_ddb_remove(struct dumperinfo *di)
{
        TAILQ_REMOVE(&dumper_configs, di, di_next);
}
#endif
 
static bool
dumper_config_match(const struct dumperinfo *di, const char *devname,
    const struct diocskerneldump_arg *kda)
{
        if (kda->kda_index == KDA_REMOVE_ALL)
                return (true);
 
        if (strcmp(di->di_devname, devname) != 0)
                return (false);
 
        /*
         * Allow wildcard removal of configs matching a device on g_dev_orphan.
         */
        if (kda->kda_index == KDA_REMOVE_DEV)
                return (true);
 
        if (di->kdcomp != NULL) {
                if (di->kdcomp->kdc_format != kda->kda_compression)
                        return (false);
        } else if (kda->kda_compression != KERNELDUMP_COMP_NONE)
                return (false);
#ifdef EKCD
        if (di->kdcrypto != NULL) {
                if (di->kdcrypto->kdc_encryption != kda->kda_encryption)
                        return (false);
                /*
                 * Do we care to verify keys match to delete?  It seems weird
                 * to expect multiple fallback dump configurations on the same
                 * device that only differ in crypto key.
                 */
        } else
#endif
                if (kda->kda_encryption != KERNELDUMP_ENC_NONE)
                        return (false);
 
        return (true);
}
 
int
dumper_remove(const char *devname, const struct diocskerneldump_arg *kda)
{
        struct dumperinfo *di, *sdi;
        bool found;
        int error;
 
        error = priv_check(curthread, PRIV_SETDUMPER);
        if (error != 0)
                return (error);
 
        /*
         * Try to find a matching configuration, and kill it.
         *
         * NULL 'kda' indicates remove any configuration matching 'devname',
         * which may remove multiple configurations in atypical configurations.
         */
        found = false;
        mtx_lock(&dumpconf_list_lk);
        TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(di, &dumper_configs, di_next, sdi) {
                if (dumper_config_match(di, devname, kda)) {
                        found = true;
                        TAILQ_REMOVE(&dumper_configs, di, di_next);
                        free_single_dumper(di);
                }
        }
        mtx_unlock(&dumpconf_list_lk);
 
        /* Only produce ENOENT if a more targeted match didn't match. */
        if (!found && kda->kda_index == KDA_REMOVE)
                return (ENOENT);
        return (0);
}
 
static int
dump_check_bounds(struct dumperinfo *di, off_t offset, size_t length)
{
 
        if (di->mediasize > 0 && length != 0 && (offset < di->mediaoffset ||
            offset - di->mediaoffset + length > di->mediasize)) {
                if (di->kdcomp != NULL && offset >= di->mediaoffset) {
                        printf(
                    "Compressed dump failed to fit in device boundaries.\n");
                        return (E2BIG);
                }
 
                printf("Attempt to write outside dump device boundaries.\n"
            "offset(%jd), mediaoffset(%jd), length(%ju), mediasize(%jd).\n",
                    (intmax_t)offset, (intmax_t)di->mediaoffset,
                    (uintmax_t)length, (intmax_t)di->mediasize);
                return (ENOSPC);
        }
        if (length % di->blocksize != 0) {
                printf("Attempt to write partial block of length %ju.\n",
                    (uintmax_t)length);
                return (EINVAL);
        }
        if (offset % di->blocksize != 0) {
                printf("Attempt to write at unaligned offset %jd.\n",
                    (intmax_t)offset);
                return (EINVAL);
        }
 
        return (0);
}
 
#ifdef EKCD
static int
dump_encrypt(struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc, uint8_t *buf, size_t size)
{
 
        switch (kdc->kdc_encryption) {
        case KERNELDUMP_ENC_AES_256_CBC:
                if (rijndael_blockEncrypt(&kdc->kdc_ci, &kdc->kdc_ki, buf,
                    8 * size, buf) <= 0) {
                        return (EIO);
                }
                if (rijndael_cipherInit(&kdc->kdc_ci, MODE_CBC,
                    buf + size - 16 /* IV size for AES-256-CBC */) <= 0) {
                        return (EIO);
                }
                break;
        case KERNELDUMP_ENC_CHACHA20:
                chacha_encrypt_bytes(&kdc->kdc_chacha, buf, buf, size);
                break;
        default:
                return (EINVAL);
        }
 
        return (0);
}
 
/* Encrypt data and call dumper. */
static int
dump_encrypted_write(struct dumperinfo *di, void *virtual,
    vm_offset_t physical, off_t offset, size_t length)
{
        static uint8_t buf[KERNELDUMP_BUFFER_SIZE];
        struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc;
        int error;
        size_t nbytes;
 
        kdc = di->kdcrypto;
 
        while (length > 0) {
                nbytes = MIN(length, sizeof(buf));
                bcopy(virtual, buf, nbytes);
 
                if (dump_encrypt(kdc, buf, nbytes) != 0)
                        return (EIO);
 
                error = dump_write(di, buf, physical, offset, nbytes);
                if (error != 0)
                        return (error);
 
                offset += nbytes;
                virtual = (void *)((uint8_t *)virtual + nbytes);
                length -= nbytes;
        }
 
        return (0);
}
#endif /* EKCD */
 
static int
kerneldumpcomp_write_cb(void *base, size_t length, off_t offset, void *arg)
{
        struct dumperinfo *di;
        size_t resid, rlength;
        int error;
 
        di = arg;
 
        if (length % di->blocksize != 0) {
                /*
                 * This must be the final write after flushing the compression
                 * stream. Write as many full blocks as possible and stash the
                 * residual data in the dumper's block buffer. It will be
                 * padded and written in dump_finish().
                 */
                rlength = rounddown(length, di->blocksize);
                if (rlength != 0) {
                        error = _dump_append(di, base, 0, rlength);
                        if (error != 0)
                                return (error);
                }
                resid = length - rlength;
                memmove(di->blockbuf, (uint8_t *)base + rlength, resid);
                bzero((uint8_t *)di->blockbuf + resid, di->blocksize - resid);
                di->kdcomp->kdc_resid = resid;
                return (EAGAIN);
        }
        return (_dump_append(di, base, 0, length));
}
 
/*
 * Write kernel dump headers at the beginning and end of the dump extent.
 * Write the kernel dump encryption key after the leading header if we were
 * configured to do so.
 */
static int
dump_write_headers(struct dumperinfo *di, struct kerneldumpheader *kdh)
{
#ifdef EKCD
        struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc;
#endif
        void *buf;
        size_t hdrsz;
        uint64_t extent;
        uint32_t keysize;
        int error;
 
        hdrsz = sizeof(*kdh);
        if (hdrsz > di->blocksize)
                return (ENOMEM);
 
#ifdef EKCD
        kdc = di->kdcrypto;
        keysize = kerneldumpcrypto_dumpkeysize(kdc);
#else
        keysize = 0;
#endif
 
        /*
         * If the dump device has special handling for headers, let it take care
         * of writing them out.
         */
        if (di->dumper_hdr != NULL)
                return (di->dumper_hdr(di, kdh));
 
        if (hdrsz == di->blocksize)
                buf = kdh;
        else {
                buf = di->blockbuf;
                memset(buf, 0, di->blocksize);
                memcpy(buf, kdh, hdrsz);
        }
 
        extent = dtoh64(kdh->dumpextent);
#ifdef EKCD
        if (kdc != NULL) {
                error = dump_write(di, kdc->kdc_dumpkey, 0,
                    di->mediaoffset + di->mediasize - di->blocksize - extent -
                    keysize, keysize);
                if (error != 0)
                        return (error);
        }
#endif
 
        error = dump_write(di, buf, 0,
            di->mediaoffset + di->mediasize - 2 * di->blocksize - extent -
            keysize, di->blocksize);
        if (error == 0)
                error = dump_write(di, buf, 0, di->mediaoffset + di->mediasize -
                    di->blocksize, di->blocksize);
        return (error);
}
 
/*
 * Don't touch the first SIZEOF_METADATA bytes on the dump device.  This is to
 * protect us from metadata and metadata from us.
 */
#define SIZEOF_METADATA         (64 * 1024)
 
/*
 * Do some preliminary setup for a kernel dump: initialize state for encryption,
 * if requested, and make sure that we have enough space on the dump device.
 *
 * We set things up so that the dump ends before the last sector of the dump
 * device, at which the trailing header is written.
 *
 *     +-----------+------+-----+----------------------------+------+
 *     |           | lhdr | key |    ... kernel dump ...     | thdr |
 *     +-----------+------+-----+----------------------------+------+
 *                   1 blk  opt <------- dump extent --------> 1 blk
 *
 * Dumps written using dump_append() start at the beginning of the extent.
 * Uncompressed dumps will use the entire extent, but compressed dumps typically
 * will not. The true length of the dump is recorded in the leading and trailing
 * headers once the dump has been completed.
 *
 * The dump device may provide a callback, in which case it will initialize
 * dumpoff and take care of laying out the headers.
 */
int
dump_start(struct dumperinfo *di, struct kerneldumpheader *kdh)
{
#ifdef EKCD
        struct kerneldumpcrypto *kdc;
#endif
        void *key;
        uint64_t dumpextent, span;
        uint32_t keysize;
        int error;
 
#ifdef EKCD
        /* Send the key before the dump so a partial dump is still usable. */
        kdc = di->kdcrypto;
        error = kerneldumpcrypto_init(kdc);
        if (error != 0)
                return (error);
        keysize = kerneldumpcrypto_dumpkeysize(kdc);
        key = keysize > 0 ? kdc->kdc_dumpkey : NULL;
#else
        error = 0;
        keysize = 0;
        key = NULL;
#endif
 
        if (di->dumper_start != NULL) {
                error = di->dumper_start(di, key, keysize);
        } else {
                dumpextent = dtoh64(kdh->dumpextent);
                span = SIZEOF_METADATA + dumpextent + 2 * di->blocksize +
                    keysize;
                if (di->mediasize < span) {
                        if (di->kdcomp == NULL)
                                return (E2BIG);
 
                        /*
                         * We don't yet know how much space the compressed dump
                         * will occupy, so try to use the whole swap partition
                         * (minus the first 64KB) in the hope that the
                         * compressed dump will fit. If that doesn't turn out to
                         * be enough, the bounds checking in dump_write()
                         * will catch us and cause the dump to fail.
                         */
                        dumpextent = di->mediasize - span + dumpextent;
                        kdh->dumpextent = htod64(dumpextent);
                }
 
                /*
                 * The offset at which to begin writing the dump.
                 */
                di->dumpoff = di->mediaoffset + di->mediasize - di->blocksize -
                    dumpextent;
        }
        di->origdumpoff = di->dumpoff;
        return (error);
}
 
static int
_dump_append(struct dumperinfo *di, void *virtual, vm_offset_t physical,
    size_t length)
{
        int error;
 
#ifdef EKCD
        if (di->kdcrypto != NULL)
                error = dump_encrypted_write(di, virtual, physical, di->dumpoff,
                    length);
        else
#endif
                error = dump_write(di, virtual, physical, di->dumpoff, length);
        if (error == 0)
                di->dumpoff += length;
        return (error);
}
 
/*
 * Write to the dump device starting at dumpoff. When compression is enabled,
 * writes to the device will be performed using a callback that gets invoked
 * when the compression stream's output buffer is full.
 */
int
dump_append(struct dumperinfo *di, void *virtual, vm_offset_t physical,
    size_t length)
{
        void *buf;
 
        if (di->kdcomp != NULL) {
                /* Bounce through a buffer to avoid CRC errors. */
                if (length > di->maxiosize)
                        return (EINVAL);
                buf = di->kdcomp->kdc_buf;
                memmove(buf, virtual, length);
                return (compressor_write(di->kdcomp->kdc_stream, buf, length));
        }
        return (_dump_append(di, virtual, physical, length));
}
 
/*
 * Write to the dump device at the specified offset.
 */
int
dump_write(struct dumperinfo *di, void *virtual, vm_offset_t physical,
    off_t offset, size_t length)
{
        int error;
 
        error = dump_check_bounds(di, offset, length);
        if (error != 0)
                return (error);
        return (di->dumper(di->priv, virtual, physical, offset, length));
}
 
/*
 * Perform kernel dump finalization: flush the compression stream, if necessary,
 * write the leading and trailing kernel dump headers now that we know the true
 * length of the dump, and optionally write the encryption key following the
 * leading header.
 */
int
dump_finish(struct dumperinfo *di, struct kerneldumpheader *kdh)
{
        int error;
 
        if (di->kdcomp != NULL) {
                error = compressor_flush(di->kdcomp->kdc_stream);
                if (error == EAGAIN) {
                        /* We have residual data in di->blockbuf. */
                        error = _dump_append(di, di->blockbuf, 0, di->blocksize);
                        if (error == 0)
                                /* Compensate for _dump_append()'s adjustment. */
                                di->dumpoff -= di->blocksize - di->kdcomp->kdc_resid;
                        di->kdcomp->kdc_resid = 0;
                }
                if (error != 0)
                        return (error);
 
                /*
                 * We now know the size of the compressed dump, so update the
                 * header accordingly and recompute parity.
                 */
                kdh->dumplength = htod64(di->dumpoff - di->origdumpoff);
                kdh->parity = 0;
                kdh->parity = kerneldump_parity(kdh);
 
                compressor_reset(di->kdcomp->kdc_stream);
        }
 
        error = dump_write_headers(di, kdh);
        if (error != 0)
                return (error);
 
        (void)dump_write(di, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
        return (0);
}
 
void
dump_init_header(const struct dumperinfo *di, struct kerneldumpheader *kdh,
    const char *magic, uint32_t archver, uint64_t dumplen)
{
        size_t dstsize;
 
        bzero(kdh, sizeof(*kdh));
        strlcpy(kdh->magic, magic, sizeof(kdh->magic));
        strlcpy(kdh->architecture, MACHINE_ARCH, sizeof(kdh->architecture));
        kdh->version = htod32(KERNELDUMPVERSION);
        kdh->architectureversion = htod32(archver);
        kdh->dumplength = htod64(dumplen);
        kdh->dumpextent = kdh->dumplength;
        kdh->dumptime = htod64(time_second);
#ifdef EKCD
        kdh->dumpkeysize = htod32(kerneldumpcrypto_dumpkeysize(di->kdcrypto));
#else
        kdh->dumpkeysize = 0;
#endif
        kdh->blocksize = htod32(di->blocksize);
        strlcpy(kdh->hostname, prison0.pr_hostname, sizeof(kdh->hostname));
        dstsize = sizeof(kdh->versionstring);
        if (strlcpy(kdh->versionstring, version, dstsize) >= dstsize)
                kdh->versionstring[dstsize - 2] = '\n';
        if (panicstr != NULL)
                strlcpy(kdh->panicstring, panicstr, sizeof(kdh->panicstring));
        if (di->kdcomp != NULL)
                kdh->compression = di->kdcomp->kdc_format;
        kdh->parity = kerneldump_parity(kdh);
}
 
#ifdef DDB
DB_SHOW_COMMAND(panic, db_show_panic)
{
 
        if (panicstr == NULL)
                db_printf("panicstr not set\n");
        else
                db_printf("panic: %s\n", panicstr);
}
#endif